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104 Cards in this Set

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Where are premolars located and what is their function?
-Posterior to canines

-anterior to molars

-assist in tearing food
Crowns of premolars are _______ than canines and ______ than molars
shorter than canines, longer than molars
How many lobes do premolars develop from?
4 or 5
-2 cusped premolars: 4 lobes
-3 cusped premolars: 5 lobes (MN 2nd)
How many roots do premolars have?
single root, can have two roots (one buccal, one lingual-MX firsts).
Which premolars resemble canines?
first premolars-assist canines as a tearing tooth
Which premolars are efficient as grinding teeth?
Second premolars--have cusps that are less sharp
Describe the general traits of premolars in terms of:
-overall shape from facial view
-top surface
-crown length (compared to anteriors)
-Pentagon shaped facial surface (buccal)
-occlusal surface (not incisal edge)
-shorter crowns than anterior teeth
Which premolars have a longer crown-1st or 2nd?
1st
Which premolars have longer roots 1st or 2nd?
2nd
Where is the FA and LN HOC for all premolars?
FA-cervical 1/3rd

LN-middle 1/3rd (higher than incisors)
How do the contact areas of premolars differ from incisors?
Contact areas more cervical, closer to buccal surface and broader than incisors
All premolars are wider in which direction?
Wider B/LN than M/D
The crown of premolars is narrower on which side?

What is the exception to this?
Crown narrower on LN than B

Except for 3 cusped premolars
What makes up the occlusal table of premolars?
cusp ridges and marginal ridges
How do the marginal ridges of premolars compare to those of canines?
Marginal ridges more horizontal or occlusal than canine--except MN 1st premolars
Which cusp ridge is shorter on premolars?
mesial cusp ridge is shorter (except MX 1st premolars)
On premolars, triangular ridges join to form a transverse ridge on all except for which premolars?
MN 2nd premolars--have three cusps-3 triangular ridges

None of them join so there is no transverse ridge
On premolars, the central groove extends from M to D fossae except for which premolar?
Except SOME MN 1st premolars (look like canines-groove divided by transverse ridge--snake eyes)
Which cusp is longer in premolars (buccal or lingual)?
buccal cusp is longer than lingual cusp.
Describe the crown shape of the max 1st premolars from the facial view (wider B/LN or M/D?)
-Crowns are more oblong or rectangular shaped.

-Wider B/LN than M/D
Give a distingushing characteristic of the max 1st premolars in terms of the MBCR vs. the DBCR
The MBCR is LONGER than the DBCR
Describe the buccal ridge of max 1st premolars
Prominent mid-facial lobe
Where are the max 1st premolars widest?
at the contact ares
How do the crowns of the MX 1st PM compare to those of the MX 2nd PM?

Roots?
Crowns of MX 1st PM are larger than MX 2nd premolars.

Roots of 1st are SHORTER than roots of 2nd
Which buccal cusp is more pointed MX 1st or MX 2nd PM?
Buccal cusp more pointed in MX 1st than MX 2nd
For MX 1st premolars which outline is straighter the M or the D?
Distal outline is straiter than mesial (mesial bulbs out)
What is unique about the roots of MX 1st premolars?
Most often have 2 roots that split off trunt at apical 1/3rd.

-buccal root curves distally near apex

-lingual root usually shorter than buccal
The lingual cusp of MX 1st premolars exhibits a ______ twist
mesial twist
For MX 1st premolars which cusp is shorter LN or B?
Lingual cusp is shorter than the buccal cusp
For MX 1st premolars which marginal ridge is more occlusal?
MMR is more occlusal than DMR (slightly more vertical)
Which premolar has the mesial developmental depression?
Maxillary 1st premolars

-Most often missed area of calculus
How many roots do max 1st premolars usually have?
-Usually 2 roots
-a buccal and a lingual
-long root trunk-1/2 the length
A cross section of the root of a maxillary 1st premolar resembles what?
A Figure 8 at the cervical portion (because have 2 roots)
Describe the shape of the crown and the occlusal table of a maxillary first premolar from an occlusal view
Crown shape is hexagon

Occlusal table is trapezoid
Compare the buccal aspect of the MX first premolar to that of the MX 2nd premolar
MX 1st has a prominent buccal aspect (more than MX 2nd).

-looks more bulbed
Compare the occlusal view and the central groove of the MX 1st vs. MX 2nd premolars
Occlusal view is slightly larger and central groove longer on the MX 1st than on the MX 2nd.
Which tooth has a "pushed in look" and why?
MX 1st premolars have a mesial marginal ridge groove that traverses the mesial marginal ridge.
How many triangular ridge and how many transverse ridges do maxillary 1st premolars have?
2 Triangular ridges and 1 transverse ridge
Describe the central groove and other structures on the occlusal surface of MX first premolars
-Definite central developmental groove
-ends in mesial and distal triangular fossae and pits
-also distal buccal and mesial buccal fossae grooves
For MX 2nd premolars which is longer the MBCR or the DBCR?
DBCR>MBCR

(THIS IS OPPOSITE FROM THE MX 1ST)
Compare the overall shape of the maxillary 2nd vs. 1st premolars (include characteristics of the buccal cusp and buccal ridge)
MX 2nd PM are less angular than the maxillary 1st

-resembles the first but is more rounded

-have a more rounded buccal cusp

-buccal ridge is NOT as prominent as the 1st premolar
Describe the location of the cusps mesial-distally for MX 2nd premolars
Cusps centered M/D
Which tooth has the greatest root to crown ration of all MX teeth?
MX 2nd Premolars
Describe the root of MX 2nd premolars vs. those of the MX 1st
Single root (vs. 2 on MX 1st)

Longer than 1st

1.8X longer than it's crown (greatest root-crown ratio of all MX teeth)
Which cusp, buccal or lingual, is longer on MX 2nd premolars?
They are often equal in height
MX 2nd premolars are said to have crowns that are more rectangular. What does this mean about the buccal and lingual surfaces?
Buccal and lingual surfaces are of equal size and width
Which crown is larger the MX 1st or 2nd premolar?
1st
Which has sharper lingual cusp ridges-MX 1st or 2nd premolars?
2nd
Which direction does the MX 2nd root taper towards?
lingual
Describe the root depressions on MX 2nd Premolars vs. MX 1st premolars
For MX 2nd premolars, distal depression > mesial root depression (this is opposite from the 1st premolars)
Where is HOC on th buccal and lingual on MX 2nd premolars?
Buccal: cervical 1/3rd

Lingual: middle 1/3rd
What distinguishing feature of the MX 1st premolar is missing from the MX 2nd premolar?
No MMR developmental groove
Is the buccal cusp ridge more or less prominent in MX 2nd premolars (as compared to 1st)?
Less prominent

-Crown is larger B/L>M/D
Compare the central groove of the MX 2nd premolar from that of the MX 1st premolars
-central groove length
-number of supplemental grooves
MX 2nd has a shorter central groove that still ends in distal and mesial triangular fossae and pits.

MX 2nd has more supplemental grooves that radiate buccaly and lingually from the pits than the 1st
Is the crown of the MX 2nd premolars more or less symmetrical than the 1st?
It is more symmetrical

Cusps are centered
How do the mesial and distal contacts of the MX 2nd premolar compare to those of the 1st?
Mesial contact is near buccal middle 1/3rd (SAME AS 1st)

Distal contact is more lingual (OPPOSITE OF 1st)
Which is the smallest pre-molar?
MN 1st premolars
Which of the MN premolars resemble the canine?
MN 1st
What is the shape of the crown for MN 1st premolars?
Pentagon
From a facial view, compare the shape of the mesial vs. the distal for a maxillary canine.
Mesial aspect resembles and incisor and is relatives straight.

Distal is bulbous and resembles a premolar.
Which is longer on a MN 1st premolar MBCR or the DBCR?
MBCR < DBCR
Describe the mesial and distal shapes of MN 1st premolars from the facial view
Mesial surface is straight and the distal is convex (OPPOSITE OF MAX)
Describe the buccal cusp of MN 1st premolars
-buccal cusp tip is pointed
-cusp tip is slightly mesial to a line that bisects the tooth in a M/D dimension
-the buccal cusp is the only cusp that occludes.
What direction does the crown taper towards for MN 1st premolars?
towards the lingual
What does the lingual cusp of MN 1st premolars resemble?
the cingulum of a canine, very small and doesn't occlude
What key distinguishing feature is present on the lingual of MN 1st premolars?
Mesiolingual developmental groove.
-separates MMR from the mesial slope of the small lingual cusp
Describe the orientation of the occlusal table on MN 1st premolars.
They exhibit a severe lingual tilt
How does the root of a MN 1st premolar differ from that of a MN 2nd? How is this different from MX premolars?
MN 1st premolars have slightly longer roots than the 2nd premolars (Opposite on the MX--2nd longer than 1st)

MN 1st premolars have a single root that sometimes curves distally
How does the buccal cusp compare to the lingual cusp on MN 1st premolars
The buccal cusp is 2X the size of the lingual cusp
Describe the transverse ridge of MN 1st premolars
Very prominent transverse ridge.

Much longer buccal triangular ridge
Where is the cusp tip in relation to the root for MN 1st premolars?
cusp tip is centered over the root
What is unique about the distal contact on MN 1st premolars?
-Distal contact area is more occlusal than the mesial (EXCEPTION TO MOST TEETH)
-MMR more cervical than DMR
Where is the HOC for MN 1st premolars?
FA-gingival 1/3 (slightly mesial)

LN-middle 1/3 (slighty distal)
Which surface has a deeper root depression on MN 1st premolars?
Root depression more often on distal and also deeper on distal.
On what surface are the MN 1st premolars said to have a "pushed in" look and why?
Mesio-lingual groove gives crown a pushed in look
Which surface is the crown narrower on for MN 1st premolars?
lingual surface
What shape is the occlusal profile for MN 1st premolars?
diamond
Is the buccal ridge of MN 1st premolars more or less prominent than the buccal ridge of MX 1st premolars?
less prominent
Describe the marginal ridges for mandibular 1st premolars.
Well developed marginal ridges
Which teeth have "snake eyes"?
MN 1st premolars have distince mesial and distal fossae. Distal usually deep--both have a pit
When viewed from the occlusal surface which surface can be mostly seen on MN 1st premolars and why?
Most of buccal seen due to the LN tilt
Where do the MCR and DCR lie M/D on MN 1st premolars?
MCR and DCR almost straight line M/D
If a cusp notch is present on a MN 1st premolar where would it be?
cusp notch if present is on the mesial
Compare the dimensions of the crown for MN 2nd and 1st premolars. Is there any exception to this?
MN 2nd crown is wider B/L than 1st, yet shorter.

**Exception: 3 cusped premolars have a crown that is wider M/D
Is the buccal cusp ridge more or less prominent on MN premolars than on MX premolars?
Buccal cusp ridges for BOTH MN premolars are less prominent.
Which of the MN premolars has a rounder buccal cusp tip?
MN 2nd premolars
Are the roots of MN 2nd premolars wider or shorter in a M/D direction than the MN 1st?
MN 2nd roots are broader M/D than MN 1st
Which premolar has a single root that curves mesially 1/5th of the time?
MN 2nd
How many lingual cusps do MN 2nd premolars have? How many developmental lobes?
May have 1 or 2 lingual cusps (4 or 5 developmental loves)
Which of the MN premolars has less LN convergence giving it a big bulky root?
MN 2nd
For MN 2nd premolars, compare the lingual cusps to the buccal cusps
Lingual cusps are longer than those of the 1st premolar (which has a tiny tubercle-like lingual cusp that doesn't occlude), BUT they are still shorter than the buccal cusp.

LN groove inbetween lingual cusps
For 3 cusped MN 2nd premolars, which of the lingual cusps larger?
mesio-lingual cusp
For MN 2nd premolars with 2 cusps, how is the lingual cusp usually situated?
Single lingual cusp is often mesial to center line
For MN 2nd premolars, from which view (M or D) can you see more of the occlusal table and why?
From the distal

Distal marginal ridge is slightly more cervical than mesial

Larger mesial lingual cusp is visible from the distal view
Which root depressions are present on MN 2nd premolars?
distal root depression, mesial unlikely
Which crowns tip more lingually, MN 1st or 2nd?
MN 1st
Where are the HOCs on the B and LN of MN 2nd premolars?
B: cervical 1/3

LN: middle 1/3
On MN 2nd premolars the CEJ curvature is more occlusal on which surface (B or LN)?
more occlusal on lingual than buccal
What shape is the occlusal table on MN 2nd premolars?
Square
2 cusped MN 2nd premolar have a ___ or ___ shaped groove pattern on the occlusal table whereas 3 cusped MN 2nd premolar have a ____ shaped groove pattern.
H or U

Y (due to lingual groove)
What is unique about the triangular ridges of 3 cusped MN 2nd premolars?
They don't form a transverse ridge.
Which are the only premolars with a central fossa distal to center?
3 cusped MN 2nd premolars
Which premolars are wider M-D on the lingual surface?
MN 2nd premolars
What is unique about the B/LN width on the distal vs. the mesial of 3 cusped MN 2nd premolars?
Most have a greater B/LN width on the DISTAL (the norm is to taper to the mesial)