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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The CNS is divided into the?
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Brain
Spinal Cord |
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What are the three GENERAL regions of the brain
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Cerebrum
Cerebellum Brainstem |
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The diencephalon and telencephalon make up the....
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cerebrum
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What structures are part of the diencephalon?
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thalamuc
hypothalamus epithalamus pineal gland |
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What structures are part of the telencephalon?
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cerebral hemispheres
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What three regions make up the cerebrum?
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cerebral cortex
basal ganglia amygdala & hippocamus |
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Name the lobes of the cerebrum
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frontal
parietal temporal occipial limbic |
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What percentage of grey matter is accounted for in the CNS by the cerebral hemispheres?
a) >90% b) 70-80% c) >50% d) <30% |
c
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What does the central sulcus separate?
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parietal and frontal lobes
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What divides the frontal and parietal lobes from above from the temporal lobe?
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lateral fissure
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what is the circular sulcus of insula?
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separates insula from frontal, parietal, temporal lobes
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What are the divisions of the cerebral cortex?
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neocortex
paleocortex archicortex |
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The neocortex has ____ distinctive layers.
a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 |
b
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Name the 6 layers of the neocortex
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I - Molecular Layer
II - External Granular Layer III - External Pyramidal Layer IV - Internal Granular Layer V - Internal Pyramidal Layer VI - Multiform Layer |
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Which type of cells are primarily present in the molecular layer of the neocortex?
a) pyramidal b) bipolar c) horizontal d) astrocytes |
c
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What is present in the external granular layer?
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mainly pyramidal cells and some interneurons
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What is present in the External Pyramidal layer?
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mostly pyramidal cells and axons of some association and commissural fibers
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The layer of the neocortex which has stellate cells and some pyramidal cells is
a) internal granular b) external granular c) internal pyramidal d) external pyramidal |
a
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What is present in the internal pyramidal layer of the neocortex?
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some axons and large pyramidal cells (mostly)
axons project to SC, BS and basal nuclei |
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T or F: pyramidal cells are excitatory.
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T
glutamate neurotrans |
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How are fusiform-shaped pyramidal cells different from regular pyramidal cells?
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different shaped soma; fusiform shaped project to thalamus and regular project to other cortical layers
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What are Betz cells and where are they found?
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huge pyramidal cells haha
found in the primary motor area of the frontal lobe |
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Are stellate (granular) cells excitatory or inhibitory?
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excitatory
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Which cell is inhibitory?
a) stellate b) pyramidal c) granular d) basket e) none |
d
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Which type of cells are use GABA (inhibitory) neurotransmitter?>
a) cells of Martinotti b) horizontal cells of cajal c) basket cells d) none of the above e) all of the above |
e
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Which neocortical layer receives input from the thalamus? Which relays output to the thalamius?
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IV
VI |
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How is the layered structure of the neocortex organized? When was this organization established?
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distinct columnar arrangement established in fetal life during critical period
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Which lobe houses the following:
- Broca's area - premotor cortex - primary motor cortex |
frontal
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which lobe is responsible for the following?
- primary sensory cortex - spatial orientation and attentions |
parietal
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Where is Wernicke's area located?
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LEFT temporal lobe
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What fibers connect the left and right hemispheres?
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commissural
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what type of fibers connect adjacent gyri on the same hemisohere?
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association
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what are projection fibers?
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fibers that relay information to unite the cortex with other structures
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What are three examples of commissural fibers
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anterior commissure
... posterior commissure? corpus callosum |
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Where is the anterior commissure located?
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just slightly lateral to the fornix
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short and long are two types of?
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association fibers
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The internal capsule is an example of
a) association fibers b) projection fibers c) commissural fibers d) none of the above |
b
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Primary motor cortex - input?
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premotor area
somatosensory area VL thalamus |
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Primary motor cortex - output?
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pyramidal system (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts)
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What is Brodmann Area 8?
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Frontal Eye Fields (FEF)
input: other eye fields output: PPRF |
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BA 9-12 constitute the
a) frontal lobe b) prefrontal cortex c) occipital cortex d) none of the above |
b
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Primary somatosensory cortex - input and output?
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input - VPL and VPM
output - pyramidal system |
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BA 44 and 45 represent? what function is held at this area
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broca's area
motor activity necessary for speech |
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Where is Wernicke's area? State the function and Broadmann equivalent as well
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BA 22, 39, 40
Blends auditory, visual and somatosensory info related to speech |
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Brodmann equivalent of the visual cortex? visual association cortex? input for both?
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visual cortex: BA 17, input = LGB
association: 18,19, input = Area 17 |
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Which cranial nerve is associated with proprioception and vestibular equilibrium?
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CN VIII
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