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51 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What are two immovable joints and their structural classification?
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Growth plate (cartilage) &
suture (fibrous) |
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What are two slightly movable joints and their structural classification?
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Symphysis (cartilaginous),
Syndesmosis/ "ligamentous" (fibrous) |
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Examples of symphyses?
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Pelvic symphysis, mandibular symphysis, joints between sternebrae, intervertebral discs
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How does bone increase in diameter?
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Action of the osteoblasts beneath the periosteum.
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What is a process due to muscle pull instead of an ossification center? Give an example?
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Apophysis; deltoid tuberosity
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Which type of physes contributes the most to lengthening of a long bone?
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Compression, not traction
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What is the fibrous implantation of the teeth into the alveoli or the jaw bones?
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Gomphosis
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What structure connects the pelvic limb to the axial skeleton?
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Pelvic girdle
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What is another name for the elbow joint?
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Cubital joint
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What joints are between a metacarpal bone and a proximal phalanx? (only asking for name; not what type of joint)
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Metacarpophalangeal (MP) Joints
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What is the nerve and vascular supply in articular cartilage?
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Doesn't have any
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What connective tissue caps the spinous process of the back?
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Supraspinous ligament
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Where are synovial sheaths commonly found?
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Stifle, elbow (> than 2 articular surfaces)
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Pivot joint? Hint: Atlanto-axial joint or proximal radioulnar joint
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Is a uniaxial joint allowing rotation around a longitudinal axis of a bone?
The Atlanto-axial joint (articulation of the atlas with the axis and occipital bone of skull); the motion at the atlantoaxial joint is rotational from side to side like when one shakes head 'no' |
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Laparotomy?
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A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Also known as coeliotomy.
Opening abdomen Midline – close? linea alba Paramedian incision – close? ext. rectus sheath |
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radiograph in DP?
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dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar, so straight through dorsal part of limb
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Paresis?
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Definition from Saunders (paraphrased): slight or incomplete paralysis. Includes animals that can make purposeful attempts to rise without being able to do so, eg. stumbling.
From Pasquini: (weakness) partial loss of volunt.motor activity (partial paralysis). Paresis and paralysis due to damage of UMN or LMN. eg. monoparesiss = one limb involved |
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Ataxia?
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lack of coordinated movement with or without spasticity or paresis. Lesions of entire NS. may cause ataxia.
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-Plegia?
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paralysis
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What structure separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?
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Soft palate
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How does the cavity of the bony thorax relate to the thoracic cavity? (I don't understand answer)
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Larger, dome of the diaphragm extends into the body thorax to the 6th intercostal spcae (encases abdomen)
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Where would you expect a fracture in a puppy?
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physis
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Lead appron protects against?
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Scatter only (not direct beam)
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Where is teres major?
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Intrinsic muscle on thoracic limb, medial side, below subscapularis m.
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Name extensor muscles associated with: Every Cow Loves U
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Extensor carpi radialis (located dorsal, slightly medial), common digital extensor (dorsal), lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis
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Name flexor muscles of thoracic limb associated with mnemonic: Feed Skinny Dawgs Food
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Flexor carpi radialis (medial), superficial digital flexor (medial/palmar), deep digital flexor, flexor carpi ulnaris (lateral)
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Define the following radiographic terms:
Increased Opacity Decreased Opacity Radiolucent Radiopaque Increased radiolucency |
ncreased Opacity: Whiter shadow than expected caused by an increased subject density or size
Decreased Opacity: Darker shadow than expected, due toa decrease in the subject density or size Radiolucent: Dark, a structure allowing most of the X-rays to pass through it, resulting in a dark shadow. Radiopaque: White, a structure that blocks most of the X-rays resulting in a white shadow Increased Radiolucency: Darker, caused by a decreased density or size of a subject |
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Where does lengthening of bone occur?
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Epiphyseal side of the metaphyseal plate
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When do most physes close by what age?
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By one year of age
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When the majority of the physes of the limbs closed? What are the exceptions?
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By 1 years except the iliac crest (1-2.5 yrs.) and the pelvic symphysis (5-6 yrs) and possibly the head of the humerus.
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3 types of uniting medium of joints in the structural classification? Give example of each
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1. fibrous (suture in skull, immovable), 2. cartilaginous (symphysis of pelvic girdle/ishium), and 3. synovial joints (carpus,tarsus)
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List examples of fibrous joints
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1. sulture in skull, 2. possibly gomphosis: tooth to bone
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Most cartilaginous joints are known as ______?
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synchondroses (p.17 text); these include the joints betw. epiphyses and diaphyses of juvenile long bones. Most are temporary and disappear after growth has ceased, when cartilage is replaced by bone. Not to be confused with "symphysis" which are also CARTILAGINOUS joints.
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Examples of symphysis?
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This is cartilaginous joint. Example include in pelvic girdle/ishium and joints between successive vertebrae.
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What is tough, outer layer of synovial joint?
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External layer of joint capsule is the fibrous capsule or fibrous layer
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What are the last physes of the shoulder and stifle to close?
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Head of the humerus (13 months) and the tibial tuberosity
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When does the physis of the anconeal process close?
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4-6 months (considered ununited if open at 6 months
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Why is the median nerve more in danger in the cat than dog if the humerus is fractured?
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It is in the supracondylar canal
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What is another name for eyelids?
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Palpebrae
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What is the flap of skin inside the medial part of the eyelids?
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Third eyelid (Nictitating mempbrane)
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choana
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Greek word for funnel
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What actions moves a part forward?
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protraction
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Of what does serosa consist?
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;Layer of mesothelium backed by CT
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What is mesothelium?
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Epithelium of all serous membranes
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What is purpose of serosa?
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Secrete lubricating fluid to reduce friction betw organs
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induration
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swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue e.g. in lung (alveoli) with pneumonia
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What is a tenotomy?
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Transecting a tendon
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An epiphyseal plate is what type of structural joint? Functional joint (movement)?
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Cartilaginous; immovable
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What are two slightly movable joints and their structural classification?
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Symphysis (cartilaginous),
Syndesmosis/ "ligamentous" (fibrous) |
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What cartilaginous joints tightly bind bones together and still allow some movement?
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Symphysis (cartilaginous-slightly movable)
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OCD
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Osteochondrosis dessicans (OCD): condition of abnnormal cartilage growth in rapidly growing dogs. e.g. labs, retrievers, german shepherds, etc. Mostly betw. 5-7 months; lameness occur.
Usually affects scapulohumeral joints or articular cartilage on head of humerus. Cartilage CRACKS and joint might not move smoothly. |
