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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dorsal Cavities
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"Back"
Consist of the crainal and vertebral canal |
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Umbilical Region
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Central Portion
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Urinary
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(Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra)
Remove waste from blood. Store and transport urine, maintain water, and electrolyte balance. |
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Cardiovascular
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(Heart, Arteries, Veins Capillaries)
Move nutrients(Gas) in and out the body (to and from tissue) |
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Skeletal
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(Bones, legaments, cartilages)
Provide framewok, protect soft tissue, muscles attachment, Produce blood cells. |
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Lymphatic
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(Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen)
Returns tissue fluid to the body, Defend body against infections, carry certain absored food molecules |
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Endocrine
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(hormones)
Control metabolic activities of body structure |
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Muscular
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(Muscles)
movement, posture, and body heat |
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Integumentary
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(skin, hair, nails, sweat glands)
largest organ protect tissue, regulate body temp., support sensory receptors |
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Hypogastric Region
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The lower middle region.
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Iliac (inguinal) region
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On the left/right side of the hypogastric region. (Lower)
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Medial
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Imaginary midline that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
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Superior
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A part is above another part, or closer to the head. (Head)
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Lateral
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Moving out further from the midline.
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Homeostasis
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Equalibrium/balance
Receptors, control center, and effectors. Pos feedback: child birth (quick response) Neg feedback: its not as fast. |
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Effectors
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Homeostasis
responders (muscles, glands, etc) |
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Control Center
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Determinds how to/you respond
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Receptors
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Provides info about condition (what to do)
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Ventral Cavity
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"Frontal"
Consist of the thorcic and abdominopelvic |
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Thoracic Cavity
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Consist of the pleural and pericardial
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Abdominopelvic cavity
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Consist of the abdominal and pelvic
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Disphragm
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Seperates the thoracic and Abdominopelvic
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Epigastric Region
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The upper middle portion
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Frontal (Cronal)
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Divides the body into anterior and posterior portion
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Transverse
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Divides the body into superior and inferior portions (horizontal).
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Respiratory
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(Nasal Cavity, Lungs, Bronchi, Pharynx, larynx, trachea)
Take in and out air. Exchange of gases between air and blood. |
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Lumbar regions
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On the left/right side of the umbilical region (middle)
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Bilateral
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Paired structures, one on each side. (ex: lungs)
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Proximal
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a part closer to the trunk of the body (ex: elbow is proximal to the wrist)
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Superficial
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Near the surface (ex: epidermis)
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Inferial
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A part is below another art, or towards the feet (Foot region)
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Distal
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Further from the mainline body (ex: towards the feet).
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Midsagittal
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(sagittal) Divides the body into right and left portion.
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Nervous
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(Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, sense organ)
Brain-spinal: not grow back nerves-sense organ: damage-will grow back |
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Reproductive
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aging and offspring
Male: transfer/maintain sperm Female: Receive sperm and maintain eggs |
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Axilla (Axillary)
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arm pit: where the arm and sholder connects
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Brachium
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arm (bicept)
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Antebrachium
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forearm
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pollex
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thumb
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digits (phalanges)
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fingers and toes
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inguen
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inner part of the thigh
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pubis
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anus
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femur
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upper leg portion
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patella
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knee
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crus
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lower leg portion
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tarsus
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ankle
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hallux
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big toe
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pes (pedal)
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foot
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pelvis
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above the anus
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umbilius
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belly button
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thorax
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between the breast
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trunk
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consist of the Thorax, abdomen, umbilicus, and pelvic
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olecranon
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back of the elbow
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upper lim
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the arm length
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lower lim
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the leg length
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gluteus
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butt cheek
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popliteus
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back of the knee
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sura
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calves
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calcaneus
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heel of the feel
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sole
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bottom of the feel
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deep
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away from the body surface.
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subtomic particles
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electrons, protons, neutrons
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atom
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combination of subatomic particles
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macromolcules
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a binding together of mulyiple molecules
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organ system
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group of organs all functioning for the same purpose.
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metabolism
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physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and utilize energy
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catabolism
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breakdown of complex into simple
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anabolism
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building of simple nutrients into compound energy
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homeostasis
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the state of equalilbrium (balance)
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receptors
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receive information reguarding the condition or situation
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control center
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monitors input and sets the normal range of well being
directs what to do |
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effectors
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respond to information to help maintain homeostasis
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neg feed back
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the neg effect to the respond to the stimulus sshuts off the original sitmulus or reduce its intensity
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pos feedback
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controls infrequest events that occurs explosively and do no require continuous adjustment
it responds quickly and leaves |
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abdominal
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trunk, inferior to the ribs
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acrominal
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point of sholder
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antecubital
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front surface of elbow
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otic
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ear
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nasal
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nose
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oral
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mouth
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cervical
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neck
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axillary
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armpit
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mammary
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breast
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brachial
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bicept (arm)
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antebrachial
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forearm
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carpal
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wrist
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palmer
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palm
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digital
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fingers/toes
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genital
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reproductive organ
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patellar
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front of the knee
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tarsal
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instep ankle
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pedal
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foot
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crural
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leg
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sural
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calf
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coxal
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hip
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inguinal
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groin (pelvic)
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umbilical
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navel/ belly button
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pectoral
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chest
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sternal
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sternam/ middle of breast
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mental
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chin
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buccal
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cheek
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orbital
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eye cavity
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frontal
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forehead
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cephalic
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head
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occipital
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back of head
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Vertebral
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spinal column
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dorsum
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back
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cubital
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elbow
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lumbar
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lower back
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sacral
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between hips (end of spinal tail)
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Guteal
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buttock (butt cheeks)
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perineal
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dimond butt hole
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fermoral
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thigh
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popliteal
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back of knee
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planter
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sole
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nucleus
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conrtol center of the cell containing the nucleolus which in turn contain the cell genetic materials
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DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid |
direct the cell's activities and consist of 4 amino acid:
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
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RNA
ribonucleic acid |
located in the cytoplasm.
they are created in the nucleolus which contain information and protein it also has Uracil which replace thymine |
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nuclear envelope
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pores: openings in the membrane which allows selected substance into and out of the area (nucleus to cytoplasum)
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nucleoli
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synthesize ribosomes and has RNA and protein
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chromatin
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loose strands of DNA (wraps to histone during cell divion and becomes chromosomes)
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centrioles
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paried structural coordinators that form the mitotic spindle during cell division
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plasma membrane
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composed of phospholipids bilayer, hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic lipid tails
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cholesterol
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helps stabilize the cell membrane (tooth pick)
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receptor proteins
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receive and transmit messages into the cell
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integral proteins
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form specialized doorway for specific molecules
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cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)
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allow cells to stick to each other and allow small molecules to move between cytoplasm of adjacent cells
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Mitrocondria
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"power house" synthesize ATP
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ribosomes
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manufacture proteins (attach to the ER)
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Rough ER
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allow ribosomes to attach.
produce intergral proteins and the phospholopids molecules |
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Smooth ER
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breaks down fats, store calcium ions, and detoxifies lipid-soluble drugs
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Golgi Apparatus
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packaging plant of the cell sorting and sending proteins to where they are needed.
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Lysosomes
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contain digestive enzymes that function as the cell's demolition crew to unwanted substances.
If the cell fails this eats it up and destroys it. |
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peroxisomes
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disarm free radicals (byproducts of cellular metabolism) by turning them into hydrogen peroxide (water and oxygen)
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inclusions
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non permanent structures, not present in all cells that provide storage for: pigments, crystals, and food in the form of glycogen or lipid
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surface organelles
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cilia and flagellum
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cilia
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helps sweap waste away from the cell
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flagellum
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helps the spem cell to move
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active transport
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moving substances against the concentration gradient, selective permeable
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endocytosis
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into the cell- taken in by the membrane, surrounding and pinched off and moved to where it will be digested
3 process: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor of mediated endocytosis |
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phagocytosis
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cell eating
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pinocytosis
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cell drinking
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exocytosis
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out of the cell
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diffusion
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move substance from higher concentration to lower concentration
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osmosis
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diffustion of water
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filtration
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moves from higher to loser concentration (moving out of an airport)
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facilitated diffusion
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moves from higher to lower concentration with the aid of transporter faster movement
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meiosis
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form sex cells (egg and sperm)
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mitosis
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form somatic cells
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Interphase
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active phase: warps itself into a chromosome structure and replicate itself (clothes pins).
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prophase
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centromeres migrate to opp end of the cell and create a mitotic spindle. The nucleus disappears
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metaphase
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middle: the chromosomes line up in the middle
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anaphase
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the centromeres seperate and the genetic materials divides to opp directions
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telephase
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clevage: chromosomes complete their migration and two daughter cells are created.
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anabolism
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building, inputting energy
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catabolism
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breakdown, releasing energy
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anaerobic
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without oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, catabolism of glucose into pyruvic acid and yield 2 ATP(glycolysis)
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Aerobic
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with oxygen, occurs in mitochondria
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oxidation
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the recapturing of almost half the energy released during the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose molecule
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DNA
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a double helix configuration of a sequence of specific amino acid building block(nucleotides)
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genome
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a complete set of genetic instructions (master blue print)
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gene
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the portion of the DNA molecule that contain genetic information for making a particular protein
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transcription
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the DNA molecule unwinds and information from DNA is transferred to mRNA (copying)
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translation
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one the mRNA attach to the ribosome, tRNA comes into the picture and transfer amino acid to the ribosomes where they communicate
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codon
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a set of 3's from the RNA
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triplets
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3 amino acid order.
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