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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cutaneous innervation of gluteal region
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Superior Cluneal nerves - (Posterior rami L1-3) Supply upper buttock.
Medial Cluneal Nerve - (Posterior rami S1-3) Supply medial buttock. Inferior Cluneal Nerve - (Anterior rami S1-3 and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. Supplies lower buttock. |
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Gluteus Maximus Muscle
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Origin: Back of ilium and sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
Inserts: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur. Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip. Upper fibers abduct, lower fibers adduct. Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve |
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Tensor fascia lata miscle
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Origin: Anterior part of crest of ilium
Inserts: Into the iliotibial tract and lateral condyle of the tibia Action: Flexes and medially rotates thigh at hip. stabalizes bone and hip and knee joints. Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve |
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Gluteus medius muscle
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Origin: Below the iliac crest and between the anterior and posterior
gluteal lines. Inserts: On the greater trochanter Action: Strong major abductor of thigh. Anterior fibers medially rotate thigh, posterior fibers laterally rotate. Innervation: Superor gluteal nerve |
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Gluteus minimus muscle
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Origin: From Ilium, beneath gluteus medius
Inserts: On greater trochanter of femur Action: Strong abductor of thigh at hip and stabilizes pelvis during walking. |
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Small lateral rotators of the hip
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All stabilize the head of femur:
Piriform muscle Obturator internus muscle Superior and inferior gemelli muscles Quadratus femoris muscle |
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Piriformis muscle
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Origin: Front of sacrum inside pelvis
Inserts: Passes through greater sciatic foramen and inserts on greater trochanter of femur. Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip. Innervation: Nerve to piriformis |
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Obturator internus muscle
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Origin: Inside of pelvis off obturator membrane and surrounding bone.
Inserts: Goes through lesser sciatic foramen, turns 90 degrees, inserts on greater trochanter. Action: Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip. Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus |
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Superior/Inferior Gemelli muscles
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Origin: From superior and inferior margins of the lesser sciatic notch, respectively.
Insert: Tendon of obturator internus muscle Action: Aid in lateral rotation Innervation: Superior - Nerve to the obturator internus Inferior - nerve to wuadratus femoris |
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Quadratus femoris muscle
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Origin: Lateral side of ischial tuberosity
Inserts: Intertrochanteric crest of femur and quadrate tubercle of femur. Action: Action: Lateral rotator of thigh. Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris |
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Superior Gluteal Nerve
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(posterior branches of L4, 5, S1)
Supplies: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata muscles Emerges from greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle with superior gluteal vessels |
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Inferior gluteal nerve
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(posterior branches of L5, S1, 2)
Supplies: gluteus maximus muscle Appears below piriformis muscle, accompanied by inferior gluteal vessels |
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Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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(anterior branches S2, 3; and posterior
branches S1, 2) Supplies: skin of lower buttocks, perineum, posterior thigh Gives off the inferior cluneal nerves and perineal branch Continues down back of the thigh under the deep fascia as far as the popliteal fossa |
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Sciatic Nerve
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Formed from 2 nerves:
Tibial nerve (anterior branches L4, 5, S1, 2, 3) Common fibular (posterior branches L4, 5, S1, 2) Appears below piriformis muscle and crosses quadratus femoris muscle. |
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Pudendal Nerve
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(anterior branches S2, 3, 4)
Crosses sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis through the lessersciatic foramen. Lateral to the nerve are the internal pudendal vessels. |
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Nerve to obturator internus muscle
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(anterior branches L5, S1, 2)
Supplies: superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles Exits the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis muscle and gives off branch to the superior gemellus muscle. it Re-enters the pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen to supply obturator internus muscle. Appears lateral to internal pudendal vessels |
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Nerve to quadratus femoris muscle
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(anterior branches L4, 5, S1)
Supplies: the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris muscles, as well as hip joint. Lateral to the nerve to the obturator internus and passes deep to the gemelli and obturator internus muscles to reach the anterior surface of the quadratus femoris muscle. |
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Nerve to the piriformis
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(Posterior branches, S1-2)
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Nerves to pelvic diaphragm
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Levator ani innervated by anterior branches of S3-4.
Coccygues muscle innervated by anterior branches of S4-5. Given off in pelvis. |
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Blood Vessels of the gluteal region
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All anastomose:
Superior and Inferior gluteal Medial and lateral femoral circumflex First perforating vessels |
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Superior Gluteal Artery
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Branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac. Supplies 3 gluteus muscles and tensor fascia lata muscle. Appears above piriformis muscle with superior gluteal nerve.
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Inferior Gluteal Artery
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Terminal branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac. Supplies gluteus maximus, piriformis, and quadratus femoris. Appears below piriformis muscle with inferior gluteal nerve
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Medial femoral circumflex artery
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Branch of deep femoral artery. Supplies neck of femur and upper thigh. Appears between quadratus femoris and adductor magnus near hamstring muscle.
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First perforating artery of deep femoral artery.
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Pierces adductor magnus muscle adjacent to the linea aspera
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Lateral femoral circumflex artery
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Branch of deep femoral artery. Supplies neck of femur and upper thigh. Appears above the neck of the femur and lateral to the shaft, below greater trochanter.
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Cruciate anastomosis
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Cross shaped anastomoses around hip joint to maintain blood supply to hip throughout range of motion. Consists of:
Inferior gluteal vessels Medial femoral circumflex vessels First perforating vessels Lateral femoral circumflex vessels |
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Hamstring muscles
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Insert on tibia and fibula. Extend thigh at hip and flex leg at knee.
Semimembranous muscle Semitendinous muscle Biceps femoris muscle |
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Semimembranous muscle
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Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts: Medial condyle of tibia. Sends collagen fibers across back of knee to form oblique popliteal ligament. Action: Extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee. Innervation: Tibial Division of sciatic nerve. |
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Semitendonous muscle
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Origin: Ishcial tuberosity
Inserts: On anterior/medial aspect of tibia below medial condyle of tibia. Forms part of pes anserinus. Action: Extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee. Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve |
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Biceps femoris muscle
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Origin: Long head - Ischial tuberoscity
Short head - Linea aspera and lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: head and neck of fibula Action: Extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee. Innervation: Long head - tibial division of sciatic Short head - fibular division of sciatic |
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Boundaries of popliteal fossa
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Superior/Medial: Semmimembranous and semitendinous muscles
Superior/Lateral: Biceps femoris muscle Inferior: 2 heads of gastrocnemius muscle Roof: Deep fascia Floor: Popliteal surface of femur, back of knee joint, and popliteus muscle |
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Contents of popliteal fossa
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Tibial nerve, Common fibular nerve, and popliteal vessels. Vessels enter deep portion of fossa through adductor canal and hiatus in adductor magnus muscle. Vein is more superficial.
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Superior genicular arteries
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Branchs of the popliteal artery. 1 medial, one lateral. Go immediately
above corresponding condyles of the femur and right on the bone. |
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Inferior genicular arteries
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Branches of the popliteal artery. One medial, one lateral.
Medial - Parallel the upper border of the popliteus muscle to pass between medial collateral ligament and tibia. Lateral - travel horizontally to pass under the lateral collateral ligament of knee joint |
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Middle gencular artery
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Branch of popliteal artery. Enters knee joint directly
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Popliteal Artery
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Name of femoral artery after it emerges from the adductor hiatus (of the adductor magnus muscle). Terminate by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
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Pes Anserinus
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Insertion of conjoined tendons of 3 muscles:
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus. |
