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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many vertebrae exist?
What's the breakdown? |
33 vertebrae:
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccyx |
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How many spinal cord nerves exist?
What's the breakdown? |
31 spinal cord nerves:
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccyx |
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What are the characteristics of a cervical vertebrae?
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Size= small
Large triangular vertebral foramen Spinous process bifurcates-- (exception= C1/C7) |
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What is special about the atlas?
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Contains no spinous process or vertebral body
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What is special about the axis?
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Strongest cervical vertebrae
Contains a dens- protrudes through C1 (atlas) |
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What are the characteristics of a thoracic vertebrae?
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Small heart-shaped vertebral foramen
Costal facets for ribs Spinous process slopes posteroinferiorly |
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What are the characteristics of a lumbar vertebrae?
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Large vertebral body
Triangular vertebral foramen Spinous process short&sturdy |
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What are the characteristics of sacrum and coccyx?
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Region is fused
Spinal nerves exit sacral foramen |
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What is scoliosis?
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Lateral bend in spine
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What is kyphosis?
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Accentuated curve in thoracic region-- "humpback"
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What is lordosis?
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Curve in lumbar region (L for lordosis and lumbar)
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What are the 3 levels of the spinal cord?
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L2: end of spinal cord; conus medullaris
S2: end of dural sac C2: end of filum terminale externum |
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What are the spinal meninges and associated spaces (outer to inner-most layer)?
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Dura mater
Subdural space Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space Pia mater |
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Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) located?
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Subarachnoid space within the lumbar cisternae
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How is CSF extracted?
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Through lumbar puncture performed at L4-level (+-1) inserting needle into subarachnoid space;
L4-level found by palpating for iliac crest |
Name each structure
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1. Vertebral Body 2. Pedicle 3. Transverse process 4. Arch 5. Spinous process 6. Lamina 7. Superior articular facet 8. Superior articular process 9. Vertebral foramen
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