ANELA Midterm

- Calcolithic period
- using animals for wool, milk, pack transport etc.
- plough invented

- Calcolithic
- Ghassulian temple in an oasis
- used for sacrifices, worship

- Calcolithic
- key site for Calc. period
- provide basis for definition of Ghassulian

- calcolithic site in the Golan Heights

- beersheba culture
- largest Calcolithic settlement in northern negev
- rectangluar courtyard, large rectangular room
- only site with separate cemetery
- Phase 3 - undergroun
- phase 2- open air
- phase 1- abandonment

- 400 ceremonial copper objects found made by the lost-wax method
- standards with animal heads, figurines
- arsenical copper - harder when done and easier to cast

- EB I
- one end curves

- begins in EB II
- includes red polished ware
- deep-grooved lattice burnished ware (metallic)
- light-faced painted ware
- metallic combed ware
- part of trade in wine and oils

- beer-sheba culture
- churn on her read, relates to dairy and herding
- could represent the fertility goddess

- common in teleilat ghassul
- v-shaped cup with long, pointed base
- cultic feature, possibly related to milk products

- EB II typical settlement
- broad house rooms
- fortified with a city wall, gates and towers
- no settlement in EB III, destroyed by fire

- EB I, IB
- large size settlement, 20 ha
- large egyptian presence

- Middle Bronze IIA-C
- juglets, animal, bird, human shaped vessels
- puncturing decoration
- appears in egypt

- EB II-III
- thriving literate civilization
- bridge between Mesopotamia and the levant

- Middle Bronze Age
- large wall fortified with rocks underneath and surrounding under ground
- look at picture

- Late Bronze Age, ca 1350 BC
- From the court of Amenhotep III & IV at
Amarna
- over 300 letters written from rulers of Levantine towns to egyptian pharoahs

- MB IIA, northern Syria
- capitol of the Amorites
- archive details economic, social, and legal practices
- rampart fortifications

- MB IIA-IIC
- Amorite center in eastern Delta
- capital of 15th Egyptian dynasty
- Minoan frescoes show Egyptian connection with Crete
- intro of chariot and composite bow

- Late Bronze Age II
- metal artifacts, 10 tons of copper and tin ingots
- canaanite jars and pottery

- EB I
- Red-burnished ware
- found in north and south, Jericho, Azor

- EB I
- line group painted ware
- central hill country

- EB I
- gray-burnished ware
- Esdraelon culture (Jezreel valley and north)
- indicates emigration of northern pop

- EB I
- rectangular room with the entrance on one of the long sides

- EB I
- trapezoidal cross-section

- EB IV
- black wheelmade ware
- N, S, Canaan
- shaped like calyx or bell

- EB I
- field of constructed, rounded, stone burial chambers
- southern Sinai

- EB III
- Red-Black Burnished Ware, sinuous sided bowls andirons andirons, pots with lids, 7–8 forms attested in assemblage
- reflective of the arrival of early transcaucasian culture

- MB IIA
- tomb of egyptian nomarch, mentions Ab-Sha, Semitic name
- peaceful interaction of Semites with Egypt
- use of donkeys and Asiatic dress and look

- MB IIA
- used in male burials

crescent shaped axe in 4th millenium

- Middle Bronze Age
- Caananite script found in mines in sinai
- a group of signs developed from egyptian heiroglyphics

- MB II
- alphabetic system of writing

- MB IIB-C

-EB IV- MB IIA
- duck-bill ax, 1-2 spears, dagger, 1-2 vessels
- no battlefield trauma, mercenaries

- greek language

- 1900-1700 BC
- emergence of northern amorite states

- 1700-1530 BC
- emergence of southern amorites and hyksos kingdom

- MB IIC
- asiatic people who took over near avaris

- 1650-1550 BC
- capital of avaris

- calcolithic, golan and galilee
- table like tomb with three large stone slabs

- LB II Stratum VIIA
- 300 pieces of furniture inlay, boxes, etc
- made from hippo ivory

- LB II
- sword used in warfare
- evolved from the epsilon ax

- MB IIB
- sacred jewish pillar, standing stones

- MBIIB-C
- exemplified uniformity of levant religions

- LB
- Cypriot pottery
- white slip

- LB Age
- Canaanite irregular temple
- indirect approach leading into a main hall

- Late bronze II

- MB IIB-C
- planned city with designed development

- coastal city in Syria with ugaritic language and alphabet.

- MB IIB-LB
- upper and lower towns mentioned in Mari texts
- handful of cuneiform tablets
- six chamber gate, architectural approach

- MBIIA-B
- oldest and largest seaport in Canaan
- large ramparts and city gates
- well fortified

- EB IV

- EB

- MB IIA

- west semitic dynasties in mesopotamia during 20th and 19th centuries

- EBII-III
- example of urban planning and fortification
- large towers, separate city areas

- LB II
- biconical jug

- middle bronze II
- details enemies of Egypt and contain earliest known lists of cities and regions.

- EB IV
- evidence for the mesopotamian creation myth
- imported from northern syria

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- MB IIA
- earliest document relating egypt to Asia
- detailes early settlement in syria

- MB IIB-C

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- People from coastal region of Lebanon and south
- beginning in LB

- 1530-1400
- LBIA- 1530-1460
- LBIB- 1460-1400

- 1400-1200
- LBIIA - 1400-1300
- LBIIB - 1300-1200

- LBIA end of hyksos

- large copper mining area

- ancient port city were Ramesses II was found

- 6th pharoah of the 18th dynasty

- 3rd Egyptian pharoah of the 19th dynasty

- transfer from chiefdoms to states
- evolving rel. between egypt and levant
- apsidal and ellipsoidal houses
- cave burials, cremation

- arrival of urbanism
- large fortified towns

- divergence between N and S levant
- urban centers abandoned

- arrival of amorites

- political organization

- amorites at avaris
- hurrians in levant

- evidence of migration of people
- international and imperial period