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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Propofol MOA
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enhances effect of GABA
CNS depression |
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Iso cardio effects vs Sevo
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arrhythmias
minor, some arrhythmias |
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Diazepam is _____ potent than Lorazepam
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less
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Alpha 2 agonists produce
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sedation
analgesia muscle relaxation |
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Does propofol have analgesic effects
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NO!
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Diazepam can be reversed wtih
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Flumazenil
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Alpha 2 agonist MOA
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bind Alpha 2 receptors prevent the release of more norepinephrine
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Propofol advantages
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fast induction
rapid redistribution, |
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Which opioids cause decreased GI motility
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Mu Kappa
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Flumazenil is a
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competative antagonist of BZD
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Alpha 2 effects
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cardio - postsynaptic action - vasoconstriction - increase BP, then decrease HR, the pre-synaptic action decreasing BP )Biphasic action)
Resp - depressed Urinary output reduced via Renin/ADH |
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Propofol effects
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CNS depression
Decrease intracranial and intraocular pressures decrease blood pressure respiratory depression APNEA |
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Which opioids cause sedation?
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Mu, Kappa
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An increased dose of Alpha 2 agonist produces
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longer effect and amount of sedation and analgesia
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Does propofol cause muscle relaxation?
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No
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Midazolam undergoes
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glucoronidation but can still use in cats - alternate pathway.
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Xylazine
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approved for dogs, cats, horses, deer, & elk.
Least selective Produces more ataxia in horses than detomidine |
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Flumazenil MOA
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not a barbituate, it decreases Cl conductance
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Cattle reaction to xylazine
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very sensitive
have alpha 2D receptors 1/10 the dose |
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Does Etomidate cause analgesia or muscle relaxation
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NO!
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Benzodiazapines are NOT
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analgesic.
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Detomidine
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Approved in horses
injectable for sedation & analgesia More potent and longer acting than xylazine |
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Etomoidate effects
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Minimal CVS or respiratory changes
decrease intracranial and intraocular pressures |
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Benzodiazapines are
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used as muscle relaxants, decrease seizures, decrease anxiety, sedation
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Alpha 2 agonists with ketamine produces
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less cardiac effects because ketamine increases HR and balances decrease caused by decrease in HR
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Adverse effects of BZDs
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vocalization, excitation, mmfasciculations, ataxia, then sedation, disinhibition, increased apetite
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Which opioids cause respiratory depression
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Mu
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Which opioids cause nausea/vomiting/decrease biliary secretions?
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Mu
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Propofol CVS effects
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stimulates arrhythmias
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If patient has heart problems what is the best anesthetic?
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etomidate
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Etomidate redistributes to
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Muscle
NOT fat. |
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Morphine is
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Mu agonist
used for analgesia/premed/sedative |
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Termination of the effects of Propofol occurs when
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drug has redistributed to muscle/fat/etc.
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Hydromorphone
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Mu agonist
More potent than morphine, increased lipophilicity, less emetic |
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Which injectable anesthetic is best to use in heart patients and why?
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Etomidate
doesn't cause arrythmias |
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Fentanyl
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Mu agonist
Minor CV effects, but dose-dependent respiratory depression |
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Buprenorphine
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Mu agonist
analgesia, sedation, euphoria, GI effects, resp depression |
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Tramadol
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Mu agonist - SSNRI
antitussive, sedation, nausea, vomiting. |
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Butorphanol
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Kappa agonist - partial mu agonist
well tolerated in horses mild/moderate analgesia antitussive in dogs |
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What opioid is only a mu agonist
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Fentanyl
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What opioid is only a partial Mu agonist
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Buphrenorphine
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What is a mu agonist, serotonin, and norepi reuptake inhibitor
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Tramadol
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What is a partial Mu agonsit and full Kappa agonist?
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Nalbuphine
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To get analgesia w/o respiratory effects use
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K agonist
Butorphanol, and Nalbuphine |
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The opioid receptors are located
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in the CNS
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Premed sedation and anxiolysis goals
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Facilitate animal handling
decrease stress safe for handler and animal |
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Acepromazine drug class
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Phenothiazine
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Acepromazine effects
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Depress vasomotor reflexes - hypotension
anti-emetic |
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Acepromazine metabolized in
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liver
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Alpha 2 CV effects
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hypotension
decrease sympathetic flow arrhythmias |
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Do alpha 2 cause muscle relaxation
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yes
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What drugs cause muscle relaxation?
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Alpha 2
Benzodiazepines propofol |
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What drug increases blood glucose
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Alpha 2
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do benzodiazepines cause muscle relaxation?
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yes
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Benzodiazapines are metabolized in
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the liver
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etomidate is good with what conditions and be careful with what conditions
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Good with Cardiac
Careful with addisonian |
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Ketamine's effect on PCO2
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Increases PCO2 - don't use with neuro case and Increases ICP
May induce seizures - not with epilepsy |
