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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 major types of anesthetics?
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general
regional local monitored anesthesia care |
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Which type of anesthesia inhibits the entire CNS causing a reversible unconscious state?
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general anesthesia
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Which type of anesthesia inhibits the spinal cord or peripheral nerve bundles and results in a conscious state for the patient?
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regional anesthesia
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Which type of anesthesia only inhibits distal peripheral nerves in one isolated location?
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local anesthesia
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Which type of anesthesia lightly inhibits the CNS so the patient is sedated in order for the surgery to be performed w/o pain or full awareness?
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monitored anesthesia care (M.A.C.)
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What are the inhaled anesthetic agents?
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Nitrous oxide, halothane, and those ending in -flurane
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What is MAC? (not M.A.C.)
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minimal alveolar concentration = conc. of anesthetic needed to eliminate mvmt in pt challenged by standard skin incision
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low or high MAC indicated high potency?
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LOW
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What is the most potent inhaled anesthetic?
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halothane
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MAC and therefore potency are determined by what characteristic of the drug?
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lipid solubility =
more lipid soluble the more potent it is |
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Which agents are hepatotoxic and increase the risk for malignant hyperthermia in genetically susceptible indicviduals?
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halogenated anesthetic agetns; esp. halothane
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Which agent is vagomimetic and causes atropine sensitive bradycardia?
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Halothane
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Which agent is co-administered w/ N2O, opiods, or lacal anesthetics?
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halothane
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What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia?
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dantrolene
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This agent is less potent than halothane but yields renally toxic metabolites and is therefore CI in pts with kidney failure?
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eflurane
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What 2 agents are the preferred inhaled anesthetics used today?
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sevoflurane and desflurane
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Which agent is CI as an induction agent because of causing coughing, breath holding and ther problems unless pt. is already medicated?
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Desflurane
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What inhaled anesthetic agent is rarely used bc of its severe nephrotoxicity?
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Methoxyflurane
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Generally, the analgesia and anxiolysis are started via what agents? (3)
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opiods and/or benzodiazepines OR just inhaled anesthetic agents
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What is "laughing gas"
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N2O - nitrous oxide
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Which inhaled agent is least hepatotoxic and has the least CV effects?
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N2O
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Induction is usually started how? and how is anesthetic state usually maintained?
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started via IV anesthetics
maintained by inhaled drugs |
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Which IV anesthetic is a barbiturate and therefore CI in pts w/ intermittent porphyria?
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Thiopental
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What is the DOC for induction of general anesthesia?
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Propofol
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Which agent does not remain in other body tissues for a long time because it is is metabolized quickly?
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Propofol
Thiopental remains b/c it is metabolized very slowly |
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What is the only IV anesthetic that can cause direct cardiac stim rather than depression?
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ketamine
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What is the induction agent of choice for shock pts and those w/ acute bronchospasm?
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ketamine
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What are the 3 types of regional anesthesias?
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spinal anesthesia
epidural anesthesia nerve block |
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Which regional anesthesia involves intro of anesthetic into the dural sac of the lower spinal cord segment?
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spinal anesthesia
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Which regional anesthesia involves continuous infusion of an anesthetic into the epidural space?
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epidural anesthesia
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What are the DOC for all regional anesthesia procedures?
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local anesthetic agents
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Which agents work to block Na channels on the cell membranes of small, unmyelinated nerve fibers?
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local anesthetic agents
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What are the local anesthetic agents (4)?
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- caine
procaine bupivacaine tetracaine lidocaine |
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What are the 2 types of M.A.C.?
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M.A.C. sedation
M.A.C. Light sedation |
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What is the common agent used for M.A.C. light sedation?
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IV fentanyl
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Which type of M.A.C. allows the patient to be fully anesthetized, but aware?
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M.A.C. light sedation
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Which type of M.A.C. is also known as "twilight sleep"?
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M.A.C. sedation
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What is "twilight sleep" commonly used for?
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colonoscopy and minor surgical procedures
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