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21 Cards in this Set

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Human genome
The genetic information encoded in the DNA of each individual.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Differences in DNA that are restricted to one nucleotide.
Population
In genetics, a group of potentially interbreeding individuals within a species.
Genetic Adaptation
A change that has been selected over a long period of time and is part of the genetic heritage of a population.
Developmental adaptation
Gradual physiological change in response to environmental stresses during human growth.
Hyperthermia
Abnormally and destructively high body temperature.
Hypothermia
Abnormally and destructively low body temperature.
Bergmann's Rule
The generalization that members of cold-climate-adapted populations tend to have wider and shorter bodies than members of tropical-climate-adapted populations.
Allen's Rule
The generalization that members of cold-climate-adapted tend to have shorter arms and legs, relative to their heigh, than members of tropical-climate-adapted populations.
Hypoxia
Too little oxygen
Melanin
The pigment largely responsible for human skin color.
Kleiber's Law
The generalization that animals with larger bodies have proportionally lower metabolic rates than smaller animals.
Lactase impersistence
The inability to digest lactose in adulthood.
Lactase persistence
The ability to digest lactose in adulthood.
Sickle-cell syndrome
A group of genetic disorders due to abnormal hemoglobin.
Down syndrome
A cytogenetic disorder caused by abnormal meiotic cell division that results in an additional chromosome 21. Also called DS and trisomy 21.
Discordance hypothesis
The hypothesis that humans are biologically adapted to a paleolithic lifestyle and maladapted to a modern lifestyle.
Tuberclosis (TB)
A mycobacterial infection of the soft or skeletal tissues.
Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB)
One of several new strains of TB that are resistant to treatment by conventional drugs.
Extensively drug-resistant turberculosis (XDRTB)
Recent variants of tuberculosis that are resistant to first-line and second-line drugs.
Anemia
Low numbers of normal blood cells.