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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
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It states the understandings of time and space are continued by the structure of language.
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Franz Boas was from:
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Germany
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NAGPRA stands for
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Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
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How does cultural anthropology differ from other social science disciplines?
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Anthropologists live among the individuals they are studying rather than observing from a distance or in specializing sessions.
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Ethnocentrism
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The attitude that the customs and beliefs of one's own culture are superior to that of other cultures
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What was the primary purpose of the Northwest Coast potlatch?
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To show off prestige and wealth by redistributing goods
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Bronislaw Malinowski did the majority of his fieldwork in:
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Papu New Guinea
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Which of the following characteristics are common to ALL languages?
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A well-defined system of sounds, finite in number, all languages can be used for abstract thought, a vocabulary that can expand as necessitated by cultural change
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How can the documentation of native cultures by anthropologists be problematic?
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If a culture changes, people may be viewed as no longer being "native" or "traditional"
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Slash and burn agriculture is often associated with what disease?
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Malaria
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Culture is socially transmitted and learned starting at infancy through a process called
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Enculturation
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A Creole language is:
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An established Pidgin that has its own grammar rules
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What are the four subfields of anthropology?
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Linguistics
Cultural Physical Archaeological |
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A redistributive economy is where
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Two individuals or groups pass objects back and forth with the goal of 1. helping someone 2. creating, maintaining or strengthening social relationships or 3. obtaining objects
Members of an organized group contribute products or money into a common pool or fund; a central authority makes decisions about how the products will be reallocated |
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What is on result of domestication?
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Settlement size increased.
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How can the study of Primatology be controversial?
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It can be used to justify human behaviors including rape, male dominance and violence.
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Archaeology is
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the study of human past (historic and prehistoric)
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CRM stands for
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Cultural Resource Management
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What is NOT a study for a linguistic anthropologist?
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Communication between non-human primates
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The first modern-looking humans evolved in __________ roughly ___________ years ago and spread throughout the world.
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Africa, 150,000 years ago
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Noam Chomsky speculated that
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There may be a universal grammar
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AAVE/BEV is
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Ebonics
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The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has two versions; they are:
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Strong and weak
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What is NOT a part of non-verbal communication?
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A verbal greeting
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Unilineal Evolutionists believed that
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All human populations are at the same stage in cultural evolution and human biological evolution could be applied to cultures
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By the early 20th century, fieldwork and ethnographic research and become the hallmark of cultural anthropology, as pioneered by:
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Franz Boas
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Franz Boas did NOT support
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Ethnocentrism
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Funtionalism
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a theory in anthropology that analyzes cultural elements in terms of their useful effects to individuals or to the persistence of the whole society.
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The two main proponents of Funtionalism were
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Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
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A cultural anthropologist is first and foremost responsible to
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The people/community they are studying
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founding father of American Anthropology
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Franz Boas
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T/F Marc Bogioli conducted his research in rural Maine
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Fasle
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t/f the hunters that Bogioli conducted research with believed that hunting is important for controlling deer population
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True
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t/f the hunters almost universally expressed great admiration and affection for the animals they were hunting
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True
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t/f most of the hunters Boglioli worked with believed that it was unnatural for humans to kill wild animals
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False
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t/f Keith Basso studied the Northern Arapaho
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False
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t/f Basso found that people remain silent during interactions which could be characterized as being unpredictable or when the relationship is ambiguious.
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True
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Basso found that parents typically engage in conversation immediately when a child returns from boarding school
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False
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Basso also attributed Native American silence to lack of personal warmth
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false
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Basso noted that members of this group remain silent when conducting ceremonies including the Kachina and Rain dances
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false
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Basso indicated that people suffering from intense grief are considered to be disturbed and unstalbe
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true
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Julian Steward believed that technology and the environment had little effect on cultures
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false
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while communication among animals is critical to their survival, it is quite limited compared to human language
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true
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the problem of history is that it is written by people who have little understanding of cultures besides their own and subscribe to the theory of Unilineal Evolution
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false
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according to the tenets of Postmodernism, anthropological research can never be truly objective
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true
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cultural anthropologists never study their own cultures
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false
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What is bilateral descent?
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both maternal and paternal lines are used as a basis for reckoning descent and for establishing the rights and obligations of kinship.
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What is a descent group?
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a group of kin who are descendants of a common ancestor, extending beyond two generations
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exogamy
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a rule specifying that a person must marry outside a particular group
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totem
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an animal, plant or other aspect of the natural world held to be ancestral or to have other intimate relationships with members of the group.
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Unilineal descent
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descent group membership based on links through either maternal or paternal line, but not both.
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Ego
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the person describing the family or the perspective of that person. Starting point in the kinship chart.
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Matrilocal
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in a matrilineal system, a matrilocal rule of residence is in place where a man goes to live with or near his wife's kin after marriage. Patrilocal is opposite.
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Endogamy
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a rule prescribing that a person must marry within a particular group
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Vision Quest
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a practice common among many native american groups in which individuals seek to achieve direct contact with the supernatural.
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Cultural construction of gender
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the idea that gender characteristics are the result of historical, economic and political forces within eachother.
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Feminist anthropology
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a theoretical perspective that focuses on describing and explaining the social roles of women.
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Gender
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a cultural construction that makes biological and physical differences between male and female into socially meaningful categories. See also cultural construction of gender.
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Gender role
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cultural expectations of men and women in particular societies. Include expectations about the natural abilities of a man and a woman, personality, etc. Private and natural dichotomies for women and public and cultural dichotomies for men.
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Hijab
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a widespread term used for the head covering worn by some Muslim women as a part of modest dress
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rite of passage
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a ritual that moves an individual from one social status to another. Usually from boyhood to manhood through endurance of rituals portraying masculine features.
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Sex vs. Gender
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sex: biologically determined
gender: culturally determined |
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Two spirit role
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an alternative gender role in native north america
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animism
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the notion that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits
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contagious magic
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the belief that things, once in contact with a person or object, retain invisible connections with that person or object. Ex: Voudou if clothing or hair is attached.
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Cosmology
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a system of beliefs that deals with the fundamental questions in the religious and social order; sets of principles or beliefs about the nature of life and death, creation, origin of society, relationships of individuals and groups to one another, etc. Give meaning to the lives of the followers or believers.
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Imitative magic
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the belief that imitating an action in a religious ritual will cause the action to happen in the material world. Ex: baptism
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Liminal
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In between stage and the actions, clothing and speech associated with it, Defined by Victor Turner. Ex: graduation or wedding.
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shaman
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an individual who is socially recognized as having the ability to mediate between the world of humanity and the world of the gods or spirits but who is not a recognized official of any religious organization.
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Rite of intensification
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a ritual structured to reinforce the values and norms of a community and to strengthen group identity
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Sacred narratives
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stories held to be holy and true by members of a religious tradition. Usually a moral lesson story, often explaining the questions of life such as creation. A lot of times can only be started or finished at certain times of the year
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Trickster
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a supernatural entity that does not act in the best interest of the humans
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Civilizing mission
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the notion that colonialism was a duty for the Europeans and a benefit for the colonized.
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Colonialism
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the active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political domination over that territory.
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Dutch East India Company
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a joint stock company chartered by the Dutch government to control all Dutch trade in the Indian and Pacifica Oceans.
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Monoculture Plantation
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an agricultural plantation specializing in the large-scale production of a single crop to be sold on the market.
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Basic human needs approach
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projects aimed at providing access to clean water, education and health care for the poorest of the world's people
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Gross National Income (GNI)
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the total value of all goods and services in a country
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World Bank
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Officially called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international agency that provides technical assistance and loans to promote international trade and economic development in poor nations.
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Pillage
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to strip an area of money, goods or raw materials througt the threat or use of physical violence.
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Modernization Theory
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a model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.
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