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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sulfonamide mechanism
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competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase preventing PABA incorporation into folic acid
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trimethoprim mechanism
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inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
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pyramethamine mechanism
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inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
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mechanism of nitrofurans
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reactive nitro group damages nucleic acids with a secondary formation of superoxide free radicals
UTI main use --> acidify urine to increase effect |
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fluoroquinolones mechanism
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inhibit topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
bactericidal |
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Mechanism of Vancomycin
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inhibits cell wall synthesis at step 2
binds Dala-Dala terminal and prevents polymerization of linear peptidoglycan by peptidoglycan synthase Gram + ONLY |
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Mechanism of methenamine
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in acidic environment converted to formaldehyde
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mechanism of bacitracin
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inhibits cell wall synthesis at step 2 prevents cycling of lipid pyrophosphate carrier (not the same as Vancomycin)
Gram + cocci |
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B-lactam antibiotics mechanism
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inhibits cell wall synthesis at step 3
binds to penicillin binding protein covalently binds transpeptidase enzyme and prevents cross linking of peptidoglycan wakens cell wall leading to cell lysis |
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Use of anti-staphylococcal penicillins
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CONDoM (cloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin)
GRAM + ONLY --> Staph aureus |
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Use for ampicillin and amoxicillin
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HELPS
H. influenzae, E coli, Listeria monocytogenes, proteus mirabilis, salmonella |
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mechanism of cephalosporins
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B-lactams
less susceptible to penicillinase |
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Mechanism of Imipenem w/ cilastin
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B-lactam synthetic
drug of choice for enterobacter cilastin prevents degradation by dehydopeptidase 1 |
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meropenem
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B-lactam (same class as imipenem)
lower cross reactivity with B-lactams than imipenem |
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aztreonam
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B-lactam
GRAM - only often used as flip flop therapy with vancomycin |
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polymyxin mechanism
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disrupts osmotic properties of bacterial cell membrane
"detergent like effect" gram - |
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daptomycin mechanism
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lipoprotein that binds membranes of GRAM + bacteria causing depolarization
CAN'T use with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors because of myopathy risk |
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aminoglycoside mechanism
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Binds 30S ribosome inducing errors in translation of mRNA
require oxygen bactericidal (no anaerobic activity) |
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tetracylcine mechanism
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binds 30S ribosome and inhibits AA-tRNA complex binding to acceptor site on 50S
bacteriostatic |
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mechanism of chloramphenicol
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binds 50S peptidyltransferase
bacteriostatic RAMs into mitochondria (side effects) |
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macrolide mechanism
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binds 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translocation/ blocks acceptor site
binds to 23S of 50S bacteriostatic enterohepatic recirculation! |
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clindamycin mechanism
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binds 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks peptide bond formation
bacteriostatic pseudomembranous colitis! |
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quinupristin-dalfopristin mechanism
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"ribosomal constipation"
binds 50S ribosomal subunit and constricts exit channel inhibits tRNA synthetase |
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linezolid
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binds 50S subunit and blocks formation of a functional tRNA ribosome mRNA complex
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections |
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isonoazid mechanism
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decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
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ethambutol mechanism
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inhibits synthesis of arabinogalactan
TB drug can cause retrobulbar neuritis! |
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rifampin mechanism
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inhibits DNA dependant RNA polymerase
TB drug activated by deacetylation RED secretions and urine! |
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Para-aminosalicyclic acid
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2nd line TB drug
inhibits folicc acid synthesis (prevents PABA entry) |
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cycloserine mechanism
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2nd line TB drug
competitive inhibitor of D-ala |
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rifabutin mechanism
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2nd line TB drug
inhibits DNA dependant RNA polymerase red urine |
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dapsone mechanism
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inhibits folic acid synthesis
use in leprosy |
