Antibiotics Flash Cards

Study Save to My Flashcards Offline Study Print Export to file

Play Memory | Create Card File | Append to Card File

Card Set Properties

Title:	Antibiotics
Description:	Board Review Antibiotic Flash Cards
Number of Cards:	41
Save Count:	6
Author:	medgal
Created:	2007-05-10
Tags:	antibiotics pharmacology
Private	No

Save Count represents the number of people who have saved this card set to their flashcard list. Consider this an endorsement!

- Question
- Answer
- Side 3

- What is the MOA of Penicillin?
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
- What are the Penicillinase-resistant penicillins?
- Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
- What are penicillinase-resistant penicillins used for?
- S. aureus (except MRSA)
- What are the anti-pseudomonal penicillins?
- Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
- When is Aztreonam used?
- Against gram-negative rods in penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides
- What is the DOC for Enterobacter?
- Imipenem/cilastatin
- What is Vancomycin used for?
- Serious gram-positive multidrug-resistant organisms (S. aureus and C. difficile)
- What are toxicities are seen with Vancomycin?
- Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis (NOT) and 'red-man/neck syndrome" (from fast infusion)
- What are the Aminoglycosides? Used for? Toxicities?
- 'Mean' GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes.
  
  Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin;
  
  Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and teratogen
  
  Not useful for anaerobes
- What drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?
- SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care:
  Sulfonamides
  Aminoglycosides
  Fluoroquinolones
  Erythromycin
  Metronidazole
  Tetracyclines
  Ribavirin
  Griseofulvin
  Chloramphenicol
- What are the macrolides?
- Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
- What is the MOA of macrolides?
- They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit; bacteriostatic.
- What are macrolides used for?
- URIs, pneumonias, STDs
- MOA of chloramphenicol?
- inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase. Bacteriostatic
- Use of chloramphenicol?
- Meningitis (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae)
- Toxicities of Chloramphenicol?
- Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
- MOA of Clindamycin?
- Blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic
- Use of Clindamycin?
- Treats anaerobes above the diaphragm
- Toxicities of Clindamycin?
- Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), fever, diarrhea
- What drug will cause interactions in G6PD deficient individuals? What reaction?
- Sulfonamides - causes hemolysis in G6PD deficient (commonly African Americans)
- What drug is commonly used with sulfonamides? Why?
- Trimethoprim; because sulfonamides and Trimethoprim inhibit two steps of the same pathway (folic acid creation/utilization)
- What are the adverse effects of Trimethoprim?
- Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
- What drug is used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?
- Metronidazole
- What drugs are used for H. pylori?
- Bismuth, amoxicillin (or tetracycline) and metronidazole
- What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?
- Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II). Bactericidal
- What are the anti-TB drugs?
- Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol
- MOA of Isoniazid?
- Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
- MOA of Rifampin?
- Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- Toxicities of Rifampin?
- Drug interactions (P-450); Red/orange body fluid; rapid resistance if used alone
- What drug is used for prophylaxis of Gonorrhea?
- Ceftriazone
- Prophylaxis for endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures?
- Penicillins
- Prophylaxis for history of recurrent UTIs?
- TMP-SMX
- Prophylaxis for Syphilis?
- Benzathine penicillin G
- Prophylaxis for Meningococcal infection?
- Rifampin
- What drugs cross the BBB only in Meningitis?
- Penicillin, 3rd generation cephalosporins
- What drugs readily cross the BBB?
- Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines
- What drugs do not cross the BBB?
- 1st and 2nd gen. cephalosporins, clindamycin
- What drugs bind to the 50s ribosomal subunit?
- Erythromycin (macrolides), chloramphenicol, clindamycin
- When is the Ampicillin Rash seen?
- When ampicillin/amoxicillin is given to a pt that is infected with CMV or EBV.
- What adverse reactions can Imipenem-cilastin cause?
- Seizures
- How are tetracycline and doxycycline eliminated?
- Tetracyclilne: renal
  Doxycycline: hepatic