Antibiotics Flash Cards

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Title: Antibiotics
Description: Board Review Antibiotic Flash Cards
Number of Cards: 41
Save Count: 6
Author: medgal
Created: 2007-05-10
Tags: antibiotics pharmacology
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • What is the MOA of Penicillin?
    • Inhibits cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
    • What are the Penicillinase-resistant penicillins?
    • Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
    • What are penicillinase-resistant penicillins used for?
    • S. aureus (except MRSA)
    • What are the anti-pseudomonal penicillins?
    • Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
    • When is Aztreonam used?
    • Against gram-negative rods in penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides
    • What is the DOC for Enterobacter?
    • Imipenem/cilastatin
    • What is Vancomycin used for?
    • Serious gram-positive multidrug-resistant organisms (S. aureus and C. difficile)
    • What are toxicities are seen with Vancomycin?
    • Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis (NOT) and 'red-man/neck syndrome" (from fast infusion)
    • What are the Aminoglycosides? Used for? Toxicities?
    • 'Mean' GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes.

      Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin;

      Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and teratogen

      Not useful for anaerobes
    • What drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?
    • SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care:
      Sulfonamides
      Aminoglycosides
      Fluoroquinolones
      Erythromycin
      Metronidazole
      Tetracyclines
      Ribavirin
      Griseofulvin
      Chloramphenicol
    • What are the macrolides?
    • Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
    • What is the MOA of macrolides?
    • They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit; bacteriostatic.
    • What are macrolides used for?
    • URIs, pneumonias, STDs
    • MOA of chloramphenicol?
    • inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase. Bacteriostatic
    • Use of chloramphenicol?
    • Meningitis (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae)
    • Toxicities of Chloramphenicol?
    • Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
    • MOA of Clindamycin?
    • Blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic
    • Use of Clindamycin?
    • Treats anaerobes above the diaphragm
    • Toxicities of Clindamycin?
    • Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), fever, diarrhea
    • What drug will cause interactions in G6PD deficient individuals? What reaction?
    • Sulfonamides - causes hemolysis in G6PD deficient (commonly African Americans)
    • What drug is commonly used with sulfonamides? Why?
    • Trimethoprim; because sulfonamides and Trimethoprim inhibit two steps of the same pathway (folic acid creation/utilization)
    • What are the adverse effects of Trimethoprim?
    • Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
    • What drug is used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?
    • Metronidazole
    • What drugs are used for H. pylori?
    • Bismuth, amoxicillin (or tetracycline) and metronidazole
    • What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?
    • Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II). Bactericidal
    • What are the anti-TB drugs?
    • Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol
    • MOA of Isoniazid?
    • Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
    • MOA of Rifampin?
    • Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    • Toxicities of Rifampin?
    • Drug interactions (P-450); Red/orange body fluid; rapid resistance if used alone
    • What drug is used for prophylaxis of Gonorrhea?
    • Ceftriazone
    • Prophylaxis for endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures?
    • Penicillins
    • Prophylaxis for history of recurrent UTIs?
    • TMP-SMX
    • Prophylaxis for Syphilis?
    • Benzathine penicillin G
    • Prophylaxis for Meningococcal infection?
    • Rifampin
    • What drugs cross the BBB only in Meningitis?
    • Penicillin, 3rd generation cephalosporins
    • What drugs readily cross the BBB?
    • Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines
    • What drugs do not cross the BBB?
    • 1st and 2nd gen. cephalosporins, clindamycin
    • What drugs bind to the 50s ribosomal subunit?
    • Erythromycin (macrolides), chloramphenicol, clindamycin
    • When is the Ampicillin Rash seen?
    • When ampicillin/amoxicillin is given to a pt that is infected with CMV or EBV.
    • What adverse reactions can Imipenem-cilastin cause?
    • Seizures
    • How are tetracycline and doxycycline eliminated?
    • Tetracyclilne: renal
      Doxycycline: hepatic