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16 Cards in this Set
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steps in rna processing
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5' g cap added, poly a tail added,
introns removed |
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process of adding 5' g cap
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a modified g nucleotide is andded to the 5' end of the premRNA
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purpose of adding 5' g cap
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helps mRNA bind to the ribosome, prevents RNA from being broken down by enzymes
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when rna processing occurs
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after transcription, before translation
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purpose of rna processing
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to protect mRNA as it leaves the nucleus, to stabilize mRNA and inhibit its degradation
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process of adding poly a tail
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a string of 100-300 a's are added to the 3' end of the premRNA, not same as termination sequence!!
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purpose of adding poly a tail
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helps direct mRNA out of nucleus, makes mRNA more stable
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3 components of a virus
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nucleic acid, capsid, sometimes a viral envelope
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bacteriophage
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virus that infect bacteria, inject their dna into host cells (phages)
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how to know its a virulent phage
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there are instant symptoms (immediate hostile takeover of host cell/phage)
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main characteristics of human viruses
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have viral envelope, there are glycoproteins attached to the viral envelope that help the virus bind the the host
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how viroids operate
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made of circular rna molecules, they don't code for proteins instead they disrupt regulatory system in plants and cause growth problems
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are viruses alive?
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no, they aren't considering living because they don't have cellular structure and they need a host to replicate
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advantages of having an (optional) viral envelope
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it helps virus bind to the host cell, can help protect/camouflage it from the immune system
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aebar-- awesome elephants ban agressive rambling
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attachment, entry, biosynthesis, assembly, release
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retroviruses
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viruses with rna as their nucleic acid, have reverse transcriptase inculed in virus (use rna to make dna)
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