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Organ system responsible for internal transport
Circulatory System
Three components of the circulatory system
(a) Blood: connective tissue, consisting of cells and cell fragments dispersed in fluid, (b) Pumping Device: usually a heart, (c) Blood vessels: network of vessels through which the blood flows.
Type of circulatory system possessed by most invertebrates, including arthropods and mollusks
Open circulatory System
Characteristics of open circulatory systems
The heart pumps blood into blood vessels which have open ends; the blood spills out of them and fills the rest of the body. Blood re-enters the circulatory system through openings in the heart/gills.
Hemocoel
Blood cavity in invertebrates
Method used by insects to distribute oxygen to cells
Tracheal tubes
Type of circulatory system possessed by annelids and all vertebrates
Closed circulatory system
Basic characteristics of a closed circulatory system
Blood flows through a continuous circuit of blood vessels.
Capillaries
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels which allow for diffusion of minerals and wastes
Seven functions of the vertebrate circulatory system
(a) Distribute nutrients, (b) Distribute oxygen, (c) Transport wastes from cells to excretory organs, (d) Transport hormones from endocrine glands to tissues, (e) Maintain fluid balance, (f) Defend against invaders, (g) Maintain body temperature, in warm-blooded animals.
Three plasma proteins
(a) Albumins, (b) Globulins, (c) Fibrinogen
Albumin
Transports specific hormones, keeping them in the blood until they're needed
Globulin
Antibodies, provide defense against invading pathogens
Fibrinogen
Main clotting agent
Serum
Plasma, without clotting proteins
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Where red blood cells are produced
Red bone marrow
Hemoglobin
Pigment which gives red blood cells their color, and transport oxygen.
Anemia
Deficiency of hemoglobin, resulting in loss of energy
Hemolytic anemia
Deficiency of hemoglobin, caused by increased rate of red blood cell destruction