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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification of joints
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Fibrous
Cartilaginous Synovial |
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Fibrous joint
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No synovial cavity, bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue, rich in collagen fibers
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Cartilaginous joint
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No synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage
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Synovial joint
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Bones forming joint have synovial cavity, united by articular capsule
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Functional classification of joints
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Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis |
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Synarthrosis
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An immovable joint
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Amphiarthrosis
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Slightly movable joint
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Diarthrosis
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Freely movable joint
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Articular capsule
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Surrounds a synovial joint, composed of fibrous & synovial membrane; many have fat pads(adipose tissue)
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Synovial fluid
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Hyaluronic acid secreted by fibroblast-like cells. Function: lubricate joint, absorb shock
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Menisci
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Pads of fibrocartilage lie btwn articular surfaces of bones attached to fibrous capsule
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What is a joint?
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Point of contact btwn 2 bones, bones & cartilage or bone and teeth
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Arthroplasty
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Surgical replacement of damaged joint; most common: hip, knee
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Suture
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Fibrous joint that unites the bones of a skull, synarthrosis: immovable
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Syndesmosis
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Fibrous joint btwn tibia & fibula, amphiarthrosis, greater distance btwn articulating surfaces
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Gomphosis
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Articulation btwn bones and teeth
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Synchondrosis
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Epiphyseal growth plate. Cartilaginous joint where connecting material is hyaline cartilage
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Symphysis
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Cartilaginous joint, ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but broad flat disc of fibrocartilage connect bone. Pubic symphysis, amphiarthrosis
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Synovial
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Joint with cavity btwn bones, diarthrosis
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Synostosis
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Bony joint, a complete fusion of 2 separate bones into one bone, etc frontal bone.
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Hinge joint
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Convex surface of 1 bone articulates w/ concave surface of another bone= flexion & extension. Knee
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Saddle joint
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Modified condyloid joint, articulating bones resemble rider in saddle. Joint btwn trapezium and thumb.
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Ball-and-socket joint
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Ball shaped surface of 1 bone articulates with cuplike depression in another bones. Largest range of motion. Hip joint.
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Planar joint
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Articulating bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved=gliding movement. Intercarpal joint
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Condyloid joint
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Convex oval projection of one bone fits oval depression of another bone. Movement on 2 axes. Radiocarpal
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Pivot joint
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Rounded/pointed surface of 1 bone articulates w/ ring formed by another bone & ligament. Rotates around own axes. Radioulnar
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Elevation
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Upward movement of body part
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Depression
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Downward movement of body part
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Adduction
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Movement of bone toward midline
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Gliding
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Flat bone surfaces move back and forth; side to side
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Protraction
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Movement of body part anteriorly to transverse plane; thrusting out mandile
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Circumduction
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Movement of distal end of part of body in a circle
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Retraction
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Movement of protracted part of body back to anatomical position
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Inversion
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Turn inward, turn up big toe inward
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Eversion
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Turn outward, movement of sole laterally at intertrasal joint, pick up pinky toe
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Dorsiflexion
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Bending of foot at ankle, stand on heels
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Plantar flexion
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standing on toes
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Supination
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Movement of forearm, palm facing front
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Pronation
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Movement of forearm, palm turned posteriorly
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Opposition
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Movement of thumb, touch fingers on same hand
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Range of motion (ROM)
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Range, measured in degrees of a circle through which bones of a joint can be moved
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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Combined hinge & planar joint formed, mandible; only movable joint btwn skull bones
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