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23 Cards in this Set

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enthalpy
heat content (H) of a substance.
Calorimetry
calculating the change in enthalpy.
Heat Capacity
way a particular substance responds to E (release/absorb)
Standard Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy change associated with the formation of one mole of a substance from its elements.
Hess's Law
calculates the change in entalpy of reactions. The enthalpy change of reaction depends only on the nature of the reactants and products and independant of route taken.
entropy
chaos/driving force of spontinaity.
measurement of disorder and arrangements.
first law of thermodynamics
energy of the universe is constant (systems and surroudings)
second law of thermodynamics
entropy or disorder in universe is increasing.
Gibb's Free Energy
One must consider the effects of enthalpy change and entropy change to predict a reaction's spontinaity.
Tipping Factor
Temperature makes it spontanious or not.
the change in enthalpy of reaction can be calculated (5 ways)
1. Hess's Law
2. Change of H of formation
3. Calorimetry (experiment)
4. Gibb's free energy law.
5. Bond enthalpy
Gibb's free energy (spontinuity)
change in G is negative = spontanious
Change in G is positive = nonspontanious
Bond Enthalpy
Change in enthalpy is the sum of all bond energies.
Method of calculation of Enthalpy of formation of ionic solids
Born-Haber cycle
Atomization
evaporating metal
sublimation
vaporizing metal.
ionization energy
ionizing a metal gas
dissociation energy
splitting diatomic atoms
Electron affinigy
ionizing a diatomic gas atom.
Lattice formation
the final creation of the lattice structure.
Chemical Kinetics
Looking into rates of reactions
Collision theory
reaction will only take place if:
1. contact of reactants
2. collisions have sufficient minimum energy
3. collision geometry/angle/orientation is correct.
Maxwell Boltzman graph
graphing energy against number of particles to see what portion of the particles have the energy neccessary to react.