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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ch14
the process which established the new view of the universe; a reappropriation of older knowledge as well as new discoveries |
Scientific Revolution
#1 ch14 |
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ch14
astronomer; provides intellectual springboard for a complete criticism of the then-dominant view of the position of the Earth in the universe |
Nicolaus Copernicus
#2 ch14 |
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ch14
-Copernicus; a revolution-making rather than a revolutionary text; challenged Ptolematic idea-went to heliocentric |
1543: "On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres"
#3 ch14 |
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ch14
standard explanation of the place of the Earth in the heavens (geocentric) |
Ptolemaic System
#4 ch14 |
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ch14
Ptolemy's work; mathematical astronomy; makes of Ptolemaic sys |
150 CE: Almagest
#5 ch14 |
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ch14
-when planets appear to go backwards; planet moves in small circle |
epicycles
#6 ch14 |
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ch14
sun-centered universe |
heliocentric
#7 ch14 |
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ch14
took next step towards sun-centered sys; did not embrace Copernicus's views of sun-centered and tried to prove earth-centered |
Tycho Brahe
#8 ch14 |
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ch14
-convinced Copernican; heliocentric model; elliptical cycles |
Johannes Kelper
#9 ch14 |
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ch14
-Kepler published findings; solved problem of planetary motion using Copernicus sun-centered and Brahes data |
1609: "The New Astronomy"
#10 ch14 |
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ch14
-first telescope; universe rational |
Galileo Galilei
#11 ch14 |
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ch14
Galileo used rhetorical skills to argue that his new discoveries required Copernican interpretation |
1610: Starry Massengers and Letters of Sunspots (1613)
#12 ch14 |
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ch14
-established a basis for physical that endured for more than 2 centuries on planetary motion |
Issac Newton
#13 ch14 |
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ch14
Newton- Galileo math bias permeated his thought as did his view that inertia applied to bodies at rest and in motion |
1687: "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"
#14 ch14 |
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ch14
the proponents of the new science sought to explain the world in terms of mechanical metaphors-the language of machinery (a clock) |
mechanism
#15 ch14 |
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ch14
father of empiricism adn of experimentation in science- natural philospher; sets intellectual tone and helps create a climate conducive to science work |
Francis Bacon
#16 ch14 |
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ch14
The view that experience, especially of the senses, is the only source of knowledge |
empiricism
#17 ch14 |
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ch14
develops scientific method that relied on deduction rather than empirical observation |
Rene Descartes
#18 ch14 |
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ch14
Descartes rejects scholastic philosophy and education and advocated thought founded on a math model |
1637: "Discourse on Method"
#19 ch14 |
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ch14
political philosopher; low view of human nature-thought cantained echos of Calvinism |
Thomas Hobbes
#20 ch14 |
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ch14
famous for discovery of circulation of blood |
William Harvey
#21 ch14 |
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ch14
Hobbs portrayed human beings and society i na materialistic and mechanical way; all psychological processes to bare sensation and all motivations as egotistical to increase pleasure or decrease pain |
1651: "Leviathan"
#22 ch14 |
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ch14
influential thinker; criticism of absolutism and provided foundation for liberal political philosophy |
John Locke
#23 ch14 |
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ch14
proved enormously important by clearing the philosophical decks of a long standing traditional argument that could not stant rigorous analysis |
1690: "First Treatise of Government"
#24 ch14 |
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ch14
presented extended argument for a gov. that must neccessarily be responsible for concerns of teh governed |
1690: "Second Treatise of Government"
#25 ch14 |
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ch14
uses "Second Treatise" to defend extensive religious toleration; each individual stood charged with working out their own religious salvation |
1689: "Letters Concerning Toleration"
#26 ch14 |
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ch14
portrayed persons mind at birth as blank slate-written on by experience |
1690" "Essay Concernint Human Understanding"
#27 ch14 |
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ch14
science pioneers made schools for it- first school; members followed path Bacon had laid |
1660: Royal Society of London
#28 ch14 |
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ch14
people who had ideas for improving production, navigation, military artillery could seek support of associated societies |
projectors
#29 ch14 |
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ch14
significant contributions to scientific literature; quarreled with ideas of Descarted and Hobbes and criticized Royal Society for being more interested in scientific insterments than pratical problems |
Margaret Cavendish
#30 ch14 |
