AP EURO: Chapter 13 Terms

"Gargantua and Pantagruel"
French secular writings: confidence in human nature

"The Prince"

Predicted French invasion
Official leader of Florence in absense of Medici Family (1494-1498)
Dominican Friar: established theocracy
Blamed invasion on moral decayed: burn valuables in bonfires
Overthrown, burned at stake in 1484

Banking family, controlled Florence
Donatello's David for his wedding
Patron of the arts, spent much of family's fortune

Warrior Pope

Excommunicated Martin Luther
Spent Vatican treasury to patronize arts

Political treatise of 16th Century
Manual: how to take and keep power
Politically: ends justify means
Rulers: better feared than loved

Student of Michelangelo and da Vinci
Lots of Madonna and Child
"School of Athens"

1st artist since antiquity to sculpt a free-standing nude figure
David

Last Supper, Mona Lisa
Renaissance Man
Smart: physiology, artist, inventor

David: anatomically correct

Foremost expert on Latin language
"On the Elegances of the Latin Language"
First to write crticical analysis on "False Donation of Constantine"
Secretary to Pope Nicholas V
Flaws in Vulgate

[False]
Lorenzo Valla examined it
Used critical analysis to prove the ancient document (giving vast territories to Church from Constantine in 8th Century) was a fraud

The Father of Humanism
First to use critical analysis on ancient history
Influenced by Cicero: need awareness of literary culture
Coined term "Dark Ages"

"The Book of the Courtier"
Specified qualities needed to be a true gentleman
Social commentary of 14th Century

Specified qualities needed to be a true gentleman
Social commentary of 14th Century
Intellectual, physical pursuits, rejected crude habits

"The Decameron"
Earthly tales to amuse
Poked gentle fun at Church and Society

Most famous Northern Humanist
Authority of Greek
Translated Greek and Latin versions of the New Testament, fixed Vulgate
"The Praise of Folly"

Only Bible sold more copies
Written in Latin
Critical of church, other institutions
Christian, big influence to Luther
Believed education = reform

Sir Thomas More
Writer and civic humanist
Described perfect society
"No Place"

Study of ancient Latin and Greek texts to reveal something about human nature

Perfected oil painting
Religious symbolism, Flemish style
Arnolfini and His Wife

Louis XI
1461-1483
Rutherless, uncooperative to nobility
Promoted new industries
Made agreements to other countries
Increase taxes, improves army
Brought Brittany under French control with Anne of Brittany

Official (Catholic) church of France

Reaffirmed that state was more powerful than Church
Claimed right to appoint bishop: tax land of bishop's diocese

Henry II
England small, weak, unimportant country
Growth of strong monarchy
Avoided foreign wars, dependence on Parliament

Encouraged cloth Industry
Built up merchant marine with trade
Crushed Irish rebellion, won control of Scotland with a marriage
Country in good shape

Christians wanted religious homogeneity in Spain
Jews and Muslims strongly encouraged to convert or leave (or die)
Racism toward banking Jews

Boccaccio
Earthly tales to amuse
Northern Europe
Converstaions of people waiting out plague together

1455-1485
Nobles fighting for control of England

Offshoot of the Royal Council in England
Made up of middle-class
Torture nobles, discourage ambission

Won contest for door panels of Florentine cathedral
Metal-working, sculpture
"Gates of Paradise" -Michelangelo

Second place to Ghiberti
Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore

1516
Superceded Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
Reserved rights to appoint new bishops, also new abbots, tax land of monasteries
More revenue

Or marranos
200,000 Jews in Spain
new Christian converts protected by crown but lose popular support
Persecuted in Inquisition

Economic alliance of trading cities and their guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe in the later Middle Ages

HRE
Hapsburg
1486-1493
Established Hapsburgs in Spain by marrying his son

Formed by Pope Julius II to combat growing power of Venice
Allied at first with Louis XII of France, later turned against him

Peasants War (1524-1525)
Peasants believed Luther would support liberal social agenda
Luther sympathized with plight of peasants, NOT in social/political reform
Twelve Articles: peasant demands: end serfdom, fuedal hunting, tithes
Luther gathered Lutheran and Catholic princes to crush

Founded by Thomas a'Kempis
Encouraged Christians to live simply and make religion a personal experience