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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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systematic geographers
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focus on one or a few aspects of the physical environment or of human populations and societies.
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physical geographers
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focus on natural environmental side of the human/environmental structure
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human geography
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deals with the world as it is and with the world as it might be made to be
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behavioral, political, economic, social geography
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social sciences applied to human geography
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space:
Absolute space Relative space |
-physically real with measurable extent.
-perceptual space, not permanent |
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spatial
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spatial behavior
spatial relationship |
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absolute location
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identification of place by some precise and acceptable system of coordinates.
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latitude and longitude
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global grid of meridians and parallels
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accessibility
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ease with which a destination can be reached
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concentration
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the clustering of a phenomenon around a central location
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connectivity
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directness of routes linking places
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cultural landscape
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natural landscape as modified by human activities and showing culture
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density
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the quantity of anything like people, buildings, animals, traffic
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dispersion
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amount of spread of a phenomenon over an area
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formal region
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uniform region - distinguished by uniform characteristics
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functional region
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a region differentiated by what occurs within it rather than by physical or cultural phenomena
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globalization
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interconnection of the world
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mental map
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map-like image of the world
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model
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an idealized representation or simulation of reality
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natural landscape
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The physical environment unaffected by human activities
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nodal region
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same as functional region
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pattern
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the design or arrangement of phenomenon
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perceptual region
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a region perceived to exist by it inhabitants or general populace
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relative direction, distance, location
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a culturally based locational representation
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remote sensing
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techniques of obtaining images of an area or object with having the sensor in direct physical contact with it.
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site
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the absolute place or activity described by local relief, landform, or other physical characteristics
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situation
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spatial interconnection and interdependence
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uniform region
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same as formal region
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model
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an idealized representation or simulation of reality
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natural landscape
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The physical environment unaffected by human activities
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nodal region
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same as functional region
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pattern
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the design or arrangement of phenomenon
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perceptual region
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a region perceived to exist by it inhabitants or general populace
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relative direction, distance, location
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a culturally based locational representation
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remote sensing
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techniques of obtaining images of an area or object with having the sensor in direct physical contact with it.
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site
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the absolute place or activity described by local relief, landform, or other physical characteristics
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situation
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spatial interconnection and interdependence
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uniform region
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same as formal region
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model
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an idealized representation or simulation of reality
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natural landscape
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The physical environment unaffected by human activities
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nodal region
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same as functional region
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pattern
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the design or arrangement of phenomenon
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perceptual region
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a region perceived to exist by it inhabitants or general populace
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relative direction, distance, location
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a culturally based locational representation
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remote sensing
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techniques of obtaining images of an area or object with having the sensor in direct physical contact with it.
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site
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the absolute place or activity described by local relief, landform, or other physical characteristics
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situation
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spatial interconnection and interdependence
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uniform region
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same as formal region
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acculturation
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cultural change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society
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artifact
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the material manifestations of culture (tools, housing, systems of land use, clothing, etc.)
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carrying capacity
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the max population numbers supported by an area on a continuing basis
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cultural convergence
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the tendency for cultures to become more alike as they share technology and organizational structures
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cultural divergence
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the tendency for cultures to become UN-alike with the passage of time
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cultural ecology
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the study of the interactions btwn societies and the natural environments they occupy
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cultural integration
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the interconnectedness of all aspects of a culture
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cultural landscape
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the natural landscape as modified by human activities of certain cultures
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cultural system
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a generalization suggesting shared traits uniting 2 or more culture complexes
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culture
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a collective term for a group displaying uniform cultural characteristics
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culture complex
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a related set of cultural traits that describe an aspect of a society's behavior/activity
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culture hearth
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a nuclear area within which an advanced and distinctive set of culture traits develops
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culture realm
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a collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems
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culture region
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a formal or functional region within which common cultural characteristics prevail
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culture trait
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a distinguishing feature within a culture
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diffusion
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the spread or movement of a phenomenon over space or through time
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diffusion barrier
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any condition that hinders the flow of info, movement of people, or the spread of innovations
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environmental determinism
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the view that the physical environment controls human actions, molds behaviors, and conditions cultural development
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expansion diffusion
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spread of ideas, behaviors, etc. through culture area or from 1culture to near areas through exchange of info
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hunter-gatherer
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an economic & social system based off of the hunting (animals) and gathering (food, fiber from plants)
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ideological subsystem
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the complex of ideas, beliefs, knowledge, and means of their communication that characterize a culture
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independent invention
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innovations developed in 2 or more unconnected locations by individuals or groups acting independently
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technological subsystem
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the complex of material objects together with the techniques of their use by means of which people carry out their activities
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mentifact
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the central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs (language, religion, folklore, etc.)
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multilinear evolution
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a concept of independent but parallel cultural development to explain cultural similarities among widely spread societies
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possibilism
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the philosophical viewpoint that the physical environment offers humans a set of opportunities from which people can choose
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relocation diffusion
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transfer of ideas, behaviors, etc. from 1 place to another through the migration of those possessing the transports
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sociofact
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the links btwn a group or individual that unite a culture (family structure, politics, etc.)
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sociological subsystem
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the totality of expected and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations common to a culture or subculture
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syncretism
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the development of a new form of culture traits by the fusion of 2 or more distinct parental elements
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