ap human geo terms

Division or consolidation of communal lands in Western Europe into the carefully delineated and individually owned farm plots of modern times. Before enclosure, farmland was under the control of individual cultivators only during the growing season; after harvest and before the next growing season, the land was used by the community for the grazing of livestock and other purposes. In England the movement for enclosure began in the 12th century and proceeded rapidly from 1450 to 1640; the process was virtually complete by the end of the 19th century. In the rest of Europe, enclosure made little progress until the 19th century. Common rights over arable land have now been largely eliminated.

A disease that is particular to a locality or region.

A place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped: a Break of Bulk Point.

The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. Also referred to as environmentalism.

Environmental ethics is the part of environmental philosophy which considers the ethical relationship between human beings and the natural environment.

The examination of the relevance of ecological relations to human affairs and the sense of human responsibility for their deterioration, considering issues from the local to the global scale, and taking into account the longer-term ecological destiny of the human and non-human world.