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106 Cards in this Set

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1. Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?
d. Trachea
2. The conducting zone does NOT act to
e. All of the above
3. The nose connects with the pharynx through the
c. Choanae
4. Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?
a. Pharynx
5. The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called
d. Fauces
6. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.
b. Epiglottis
7. During swallowing, which structure rises?
a. Pharynx
8. These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
b. Arytenoids cartilage
9. Pitch is controlled by
b. Tension of the vocal chords
10. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.
a. Trachea
11. This is the primary gas exchange site.
d. Alveolus
12. Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?
c. hyaline cartilage
13. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?
b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
14. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called
a. Carina
15. Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?
c. simple squamous epithelium
16. These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.
b. Type II alveolar cells
17. This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.
b. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
18. This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.
c. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
19. Exhalation begins when
a. A. Inspiratory muscles relax
20. This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.
c. High compliance
21. The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the
e. Respiratory dead space
22. This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.
b. Functional residual capacity
23. Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on.
e. Force of contraction of diaphragm
24. Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?
d. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
25. When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________.
c. Decreases, increases
26. Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
e. Respiratory rate
1. Which is not a major function of the kidney?
b) regulation of blood cell size
2. This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.
b) Gluconeogenesis
3. Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?
a) Urea
4. This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.
b) renal capsule
5. The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the
a) renal columns
6. Which is the correct order of blood flow?
b) interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins
7. Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?
a) glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct
8. Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?
e) Proximal convoluted tubule
9. This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.
e) Renal corpuscle
10. This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.
a) Reabsorption
11. This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.
c) Secretion
12. This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.
b) basal lamina
13. This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.
c) myogenic mechanism
14. This is when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid.
b) transcellular reabsoprtion
15. Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule
c) it is called tubular fluid
16. The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?
c) 65%
17. Which of the following is a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?
a) It increases GFR
18. Urea recycling can cause a build up of urea in the
d) Renal medulla
19. Increased secretion of Hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
d) decrease, pH
20. Increased secretion of Aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
e) increase, sodium
20. The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to
b) Water
21 An analysis of the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine is called
a) Urinalysis
22. Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?
e) 95%
23. This is a test to measure kidney function.
a) Plasma creatinine
24. This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
b) Ureter
25. This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibers.
c) Lamina propria
26. This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.
d) Internal urethral orifice
27. This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.
a) A
27. This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.
a) A
28. This layers main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.
b) B
29. This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.
c) C
30. This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.
F
31. Identify the renal column?
c) C
32. Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.
c) K
33. This is where the hilum extends into the kidney.
a) E
34. Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.
b) I
35. What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?
a) A and B
36. Where is the distal convoluted tubule?
a) D
37. Where is the arcuate vein?
d) H
38. Where is the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
e) L
39. Where is the corticomedullary junction?
b) J
40. Where is the papillary duct?
d) N
41. What does line “M” point to?
c) Collecting duct
42. What is line “C” pointing to?
c) Efferent arteriole
43. What is line “A” pointing to?
a) Fenestrations
44. What is line “B” pointing to?
b) Pedicels
45. What is line “C” pointing to?
c) Filtration slit
46. What is line “D” pointing to?
d) Basal lamina
27. Where are the nasal conchae?
b. C
28. This portion of the pharynx has five openings in its wall.
e. T
29. Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?
b. R
30. What is also referred to as the Adam’s Apple?
d. J
31. Where is the larynx?
a. I
32. This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx.
b. K
33. Where is the uvula?
d. S
34. Where are the palatine tonsils?
c. R
35. Where is the soft palate?
b. E
36. Where is the epiglottis?
a. O
37. Where are the olfactory receptors found?
b. B
38. Where is the middle nasal concha?
b. B
39. Where is the inferior nasal concha?
c. C
40. What is E pointing to?
d. Nasal septum
41. What is line D pointing to?
b. Corniculate cartilage
42. Where is the cricoid cartilage?
e. H
43. Where is the tracheal cartilage?
a. J
44. What is line A pointing to?
e. Epiglottis
45. Where is the structure that regulates air flow to the alveolus?
b. M
46. What is line J pointing to?
d. Left primary bronchus
47. Where is the right bronchiole?
b. G
48. What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?
c. F and L
49. What is line B pointing to?
c. Parietal pleura
50. In this portion of the lungs, the epithelial lining is simple squamous.
e. E
51. This is the primary gas exchange structure.
e. E
52. What is line C pointing to?
c. Alveolar ducts
53. Where is the terminal bronchiole?
a. A
54. This provides disease resistance within the lungs.
d. D
55. Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?
c. C
56. Which cell secretes surfactant?
a. A
56. Which cell secretes surfactant?
a. A
56. Which cell secretes surfactant?
a. A