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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rock is made of 1 or more
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minerals
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Examples of minerals
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mica, feldspar, quartz
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Gangue and Tailings
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material that is closely mixed with ore and is removed after mined
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Igneous
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made from magma, granite, lava rock.
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Metamorphic
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high temp, high pressure
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sedimentary
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eroded/weathered rock
layers and pressure builds |
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Effects of surface mining
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overburden, endager wildlife, watershed pollution, erosion, heavy metal leaking, acidification
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Types of mining
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contour strip mining, mountaintop removal, open pit mining
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smelting
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heating/chemical extraction of metals from ore
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cyanide heap extraction
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used to separate low grade gold - cheap
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rock is made of 1 or more
|
minerals
|
|
Examples of minerals
|
mica, feldspar, quartz
|
|
Gangue and Tailings
|
material that is closely mixed with ore and is removed after mined
|
|
Igneous
|
made from magma, granite, lava rock.
|
|
Metamorphic
|
high temp, high pressure
|
|
sedimentary
|
eroded/weathered rock
layers and pressure builds |
|
Effects of surface mining
|
overburden, endager wildlife, watershed pollution, erosion, heavy metal leaking, acidification
|
|
Types of mining
|
contour strip mining, mountaintop removal, open pit mining
|
|
smelting
|
heating/chemical extraction of metals from ore
|
|
cyanide heap extraction
|
used to separate low grade gold - cheap
|
|
Core
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solid, hot and surrounded by liquid.
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Mantle
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mostly solid
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Asthenosphere (near surface)
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hot, pliable rock
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Crust (outer most layer)
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oceanic crust (71% of surface), includes top of the asthenosphere
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Convection cells/currents
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magma/molten rock moving within mantle, cause tectonic plates to move
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Lithosphere
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continental plates, oceanic plates, outer most part of the mantle
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convergent plate boundary
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subduction zone (oceanic plate under oceanic plate or continental plate), continental plates collide - mountains
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divergent plate boundary
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form oceanic ridges
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transform/transverse fault
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plates slide and grind going in opposite directions
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biological weathering
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living organisms break down things, lichens, tree roots
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chemical weathering
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O2, CO2, moisture
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physical weathering
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frost wedging, wind/rain, glaciers
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arable land
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land you can grow on
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desertification (causes of soil loss)
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the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land
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Salinization (causes of soil loss)
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build of up salt
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Water logging (causes of soil loss)
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yellowing of crops and pastures
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detritivores
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break down organic matter
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detritos
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dead organic
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lichen
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algae + fungus
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soil
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rock, mineral nutrients, decaying organic matter, water, air, billions of living organisms
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