Aphasia Manual Ch 2 Flash Cards

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Title: Aphasia Manual Ch 2
Description: SPA 6410 - Whiteside
Number of Cards: 24
Save Count: 0
Author: Amyk4219
Created: 2006-10-02
Tags: aphasia
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Fluent vs Nonfluent aphasias
    • Fluent Aphasias: (posterior)
      -Broca's
      -TCM
      -Global
      -Mixed

      Nonfluent: (anterior)
      -Wernicke's
      -TCS
      -Conduction
      -Anomic
    • Which aphasia involves the left lateral frontal, pre-rolandic suprasylvian region, usually extending into the periverntricular white matter?
      -
    • Broca's
      -Infarct much larger than just 44.
      -Receptive better than expressive
    • T/F
      A lesion limited to Broca's Area does not produce Broca's Aphasia.
    • TRUE. It only produces a mild dysprosody, mild agraphia, some word-finding pauses and/or mild dysarthria.
    • Which Aphasia?
      -Anterior (frontal) Lesion
      -May affect the supplementary motor cortex
      -White Matter underneath sup. motor area
      -L Frontal lobe ant. and sup. to Broca's (spares Broca's)
      -CAN repeat
      -supplied by either ant. cer artery or ant. most penetrating branches of MCA
    • Transcortical Motor Aphasia
      -Echolalic, but can't say anything spontaneously
    • Which aphasia?
      -Large lesion, L fronto-parietal-temoral zone of lang.
      -Extending from Broca's to Wernicke's to the angular gyrus region and deep into subjacent white matter
      -Severe Lang Deficit across all areas
      -Supplied by both divisions of MCA
    • Global Aphasia
      -Wipes out WHOLE ZoL
      -Tx= Start from very beginning
    • Mixed Aphasia
    • -Milder version of Global Aphasia
    • Which Aphasia?
      -Lesions in the post. 1/3 of the sup. temporal Gyrus
      -2 variations: Primarily temporal lesion, more posterior lesion
    • Wernicke's Aphasia
      -Expressive better than receptive
      -Paraphasias
      -Temporal: word-deaf variant, reading preserved
      -Posterior: Difficulty w/ written, less w/ isolated words
    • Which Aphasia:
      -Lesion on Supramarginal Gyrus and underlying whitematter pathways
      -Can not repeat
      -lesion connects Wernicke's to Broca's
    • Conduction Aphasia
    • Which Aphasia:
      -Lesion in Angular Gyrus
      -Posterior
      -Can read, write, talk, but circumvent
    • Anomic Aphasia
    • Which aphasia:
      -Involve Basal Ganglia
      -2 different types: Enfarct Thalamus, Enfarct internal capsule
    • Subcortical Aphasias
    • When brain damage is vascualar, and affects written lang only, the lesion is usually in the distribution of the ____.
      When lang prob is oral, the lesion is in the ____.
      When both spoken and written lang affected, the lesion is in the ____.
    • Posterior Cerebral Artery,
      Middle Cerebral Artery,
      Internal Carotid Artery
    • What are the 4 major arteries of the cerebral hemispheres?
    • Right Carotid
      Left Carotid
      Right Vertebral
      Left Vertebral
      (R & L join to become the single basilar artery)
    • There are 5 distinct vascular territories that are connected through the Circle of Willis. What are they?
    • 1, 2. Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA) (L & R)
      3, 4. Middle Cerebral Arteries (MC) (L & R)
      5. Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)
    • How is the Circle of Willis formed?
    • Formed by the Anterior Communicating artery (AcomA), which links the 2 ACA
      -The two ACA which arise together w/ the MCA from the internal carotid artery and the 2 posterior communicating arteries (PcomA) which link the internal carotid artery to the PCA and the basilar artery.
    • If the patient is aphasic and CAN repeat, the lesion is probably ____ the zone of language.
    • outside ZoL
      -but affected cortical or subcortical areas bordering the lang. zone
    • Endarterectomy
    • -Means "excision within the artery"
      -Cut out the carotid arteryand remove clots, etc. from ostructing the artery and flow of blood to the brain
    • What is a complete or partial occlusion of the arteries where the cells begin to die and an infarct develops with necrosis and loss of tissue bulk?
    • Ischemic Stroke
      -See an inner zone of infarction w/ a surrounding zone of ischemia
      -Caused by thrombosis or embolus
      -CVA
    • What is the most common form of an ischemic stroke (CVA)?
    • Thrombosis
    • Which CVA is related to artherosclerosis and is the result of stenosis?
    • Thrombosis
    • What is Stenosis?
    • A narrowing of the artery due to plaque.
    • Which CVA breaks off a piece of the thrombus and is released into the bloodstream, occluding a distal artery?
    • Embolism
    • What is a Thrombus?
    • -When an ulcer develops due to atherosclerosis, the blood stream responds by laying down fibrin mat'l, platelet adhesion, and trapping blood cells called a thrombus
      -Thrombus can either occlude the blood vessel (thrombosis), or break apart and be released into the blood stream (embolism)
    • Which CVA is the result of the rupturing of a blood vessel within the intracranium?
    • Hemorrhagic stroke
      -Can occur in 3 areas:
      -Within the brain
      -Subaracnoid
      -Subdural Space
      -50% survival rate
    • Which CVA is a brief focal cerebral event where the symptoms develop rapidly and last less than 24 hours?
    • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

      -During the attack, part of the brain becomes ischemic resulting in the clinical symptoms.