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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______ wrote the Wealth Against the Commonwealth in 1894 attacking Standard Oil Company
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Henry Demarest Lloyd
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The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)
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Thorstein Veblen
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How the Other Half Lives (1890)
By whom? For what? What did it do? |
Jacob A. Riis
New York Sun Condemned Slums |
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Financier (1912) The Titan (1914)
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Theodore Dreiser
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popular muckracking magazines
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McClures
Cosmopolitan Collier's Everybody's |
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The term muckrackers given by roosevelt with reference to
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Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress
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1902 "The Shame of the Cities" in McClures
By whom? What did it say? |
Lincoln Steffens
unmasked corrupt alliance between big business and gov't |
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Ida Tarbell
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expose on standard oil
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rich guy who told all the secrets of his corrupt business partners, died in poverty (wrote Frenzied Finance in Everybody's)
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Thomas W. Lawson
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"The Treason of the Senate" (1906)
who? what? |
David G Philips
75 of 90 senators working for big busines |
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statistics on blacks
percent illiterate percent in south population |
1/3 illiterate
90% in south 9 million |
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Follwing the Color Line (1908)
who? What? |
Ray Stannard Baker's
wrongs and depressing stats for blacks |
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"The bitter cry of the children" (1906)
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John Spargo
child labor |
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"Poison Squad" regulated medicines
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Harvey W. Wiley, chief chemist of dept. of agriculture
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Instead of aggressive action, progressives believed...
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purify democracy
arouse public conscience instead of mass political change |
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Progressives pushed for:
1. 2. 3. 4. |
1. direct primary election
2. initiative 3. referendum 4. recall |
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The seventeenth amendment (1913)
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direct election of U.S. Senators
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city manager system started in....(1901)
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Galveston Texas
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routed lumber and railroad interests and gave them back to the people; perfected scheme for regulataing public utilities
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fighting bob Lafollette
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helped break the grip of Southern Pacific Railroad on Cali politics
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cali Governor Hiram Johnson
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investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust
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Charles Evans Hughes (gov of NY)
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new female organizations (2) and the two new federal agencies that they worked through
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Women's Trade Union League, National Consumers League
Children's Bureau, Women's Bureau |
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state of Illinoi's first chief factor inspector; leading advocate for factory conditions
took control of the National Consumers League in 1899 |
Florence Kelly (formerly part of Adam's Hull House)
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Muller V. Oregon (1908)
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Louis D. Brandeis got the Supreme court to accept the constitutionality of laws protecting women in the workplace
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Lochner v. New York (1905)
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10 hour day for bakers
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
founded by? notably it was? |
Frances E. Willard
Largest organization of women in the world |
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Eighteenth Amendment (1919)
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prohibition of alcohol
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Square deal
who? what? |
by Roosevelt
Three C's: control of corporations consumer protection conservation of natural resources |
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first initial test to square deal
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1902 coal strike in Pennsylvania
result: 10% pay boost, 9 hour working day |
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Congress created the Department of Commerce and labor created in 1903
included? which.... |
Bureau of Corporations which was authorized to probe businesses engaged in interstate commerce
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elkins act of 1903
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\aimed at rebates
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Hepburn act of 1906
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free passes, ICC expanded
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Roosevelts first trust bust
when what |
Northern Securities (railroad holding company by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill)
1902 |
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roosevelt's real purpose in assaulting trusts
because he thought that trust busting was... |
prove that gov't ruled the country, not big business
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Taft and Roosevelt fought huge in 1911 because...?
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Roosevelt allowed J.P. Morgan to have US steel absorb Tennessee coal and Iron Company, and promised no antitrust reprisals (1907)
Taft breaks up (1911) |
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book that appalled the public with description of unsanitary food production
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Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)
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Two acts resulting from "The Jungle"
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Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |
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The Desert Land Act of 1877, The Forest Reserve Act of 1891, and The Carey Act of 1894 were...
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pre-Roosevelt attempts at conservation
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Newlands Act of 1902
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by Roosevelt
authorized Washington to collect money from the sale of public lands in the western states and use the money for the development of irrigation projects |
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Roosevelt Dam in 1911 in...
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Arizona
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roosevelt set aside ____ acres of land (___ times as much as last three predecessors put together)
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125 million acres
three times as much as last 3 presidents |
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Nature Oriented Organizations at the time (2)
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Sierra Club
Boy Scouts |
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1913 major battle lost for preservationalists
what happened? where? |
Fed gov't allowed building of
Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park |
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Panic of 1907
blame put on....for...? real cause (one of them)? |
roosevelt blamed because of unsettling industry with "boat rocking tactics"
one of causes: Roosevelt promised he would not run for reelection |
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results of Panic of 1907
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FISCAL REFORMS because a more elastic means of exchange was needed
Aldrich-Vreeland Act 1908: authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral |
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Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908
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authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral
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Results of Election of 1908
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Republican Taft won
Democrat William Jennings Bryan Socialist Eugene V. Debs (pullman strike hero) |
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Roosevelt's Contributioons
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protected capitalists against popular indignation and socialism
conservation success (biggest achievement redefined power of presidential office "Big Stick" of publicity as political tool square deal first real internationally expansionative president |
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Dollar Diplomacy
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Taft
strengthened American defenses and foreign policy esp. China's Manchuria |
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1909 Secretary of State Knox
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group of American and foreign bankers buy the Manchurian railroads and turn them over to China, but Japan and Russia rejected
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Troubled area under US influence:
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Caribbean, especially Nicargua, Cuba, Honduras, Dominican Republic
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Taft brought ____ suits against companies
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90 suits
twice as much as roosevelt |
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Standard Oil Dissolved
by who? when? why? |
Taft
1911 violated Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
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Congress's "Rule of Reason"
when? what? its effects? |
1911
only those combinations that 'unreasonably restrained trade" were illegal much harder to trust-bust |
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Payne Aldrich Bill 1909
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by Taft
increased taxes, even though he promised he wouldn't |
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Taft's conservationism
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Bureau of Mines,
millions of acres of western coal lands water-power sites protected from private development |
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Balinger-Pinchot Quarrel 1910
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Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger opens up Wyoming, Alaska lands; Chief of the Agriculture Department's Division of Foresty Pincot challenges him
taft allows balinger to fire pinchot |
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During Taft's Presidency, Roosevelt's New Nationalism speech proclaimed
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that the national government should increase its power to remedy economic and social abuses
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National Progressive Republican League formed in 1911
initially led by? taken over by? |
La follette
Roosevelt |
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Difference between New Nationalism (Roosevelt) and New Freedom (Wilson)
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New Nationalism believed in social-welfare, woman suffrage, consolidation of trusts and labor unions
New Freedom shunned social welfare (depended on strength of economic competition), and wanted to fragment big business through antitrust laws instead of merely regulating it |
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Wilson won only ___% of vote
vs. |
41 percent
BullMoose Roosevelt Republican Taft Socialist Eugene V. Debs |
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fate of progressive party after election of 1912?
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it died.
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wilson ideals:
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self-determination for people of other countries
shared jefferson's faith in the masses, if they were well-educated |
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"triple wall of privilege"
by? included? |
Wilson
Tariff, Banks, Trusts |
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Underwood Tariff Bill of 1913
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Wilson
substantially reduced import taxes first big reduction in a long time |
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Sixteenth Amendment
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graduated income tax
beginning with incomes over $3000 |
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Federal Reserve Act of 1913
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most important act between civil war, new deal
Federal Reserve Board (appointed by president) oversaw a national system of twelve regional banks (even though the banks were privately owned, fed reserve board had final authority) allowed to issue Federal Reserve Notes, backed by commercial paper, such as promissory notes of business people |
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Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
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part of wilson's attack on trsts
empowered presidentially appointed commission to investigate industries involved in interstate commerce |
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
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further part of Wilson's assault on trusts
-expanded Shrman's Anti-Trust act -forbade price discrimination, -interlocking directorates -conferred long-overdue benefits on labor |
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Federal Farm loan Act of 1916
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made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest
populist idea |
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Warehouse Act of 1916
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authorized loans on the security of staple crops
populist idea |
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La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915
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decent treatment and living wage on American merchant ship
crippled merchant marine because prices rose so much |
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Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916
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assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability
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Adamson Act of 1916
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eight hour day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce; paid for overtime
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Wilson nominates _____ for supreme court in 1916
notable because? |
Louis D. Brandeis
first jew to be nominated to supreme court |
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Jones Act of 1916
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granted to the phillipines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable gov't could be established
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1917 Wilson purchased...from...
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The Virgin Island from Denmark
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wilson had to deal with turmoil in...despite his anti-imperialist views
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Haiti
forced to use roosevelt corrolary |
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1913 Mexico rebellion put _____ in power
wilson's resulting action? |
brutal dictator General Victoriano Huerta
wilson refused to officially recognize Huerta's regime (allowed American weapons to go to Venustanio Carraza , Francisco ("Pancho") Villa |
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July 1914 arrest of American sailors in mexico
resulted in.... but thankfully.... |
Wilson seized Mexican Port of Vera Cruz
Argentina, Brazil, Chile offered intervention before an all-out war happened; Huerta's regime collapsed |
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Wilson supported new president _____
but rival _____ tried to instigate a war between mex and US to put himself in power |
Carranza=new president
Pancho Villa tried to instigate war by killing Americans |
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....was sent to Mexico to break up Pancho Villa's murdering band
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General John J. (Black Jack) Pershing
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Central Powers
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Germany and Austria-Hungary
Turkey Bulgaria |
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Allies
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principally France,
Britain, Russia (Later Japan, Italy) |
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two groups of invertebrate deuterostomes include ____ and ____
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Urochordates
Cephalochordates |
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four key characters of chordates
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1. notochord
2. dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3. pharyngeal slits or clefts 4. muscular, post-anal tail |
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longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord
composed of large, fluid-filled cells encased in fairly stiff, fibrous tissue |
Notochord
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this characteristic of chordates typically reduces as the animal develops into an adult
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notochord
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____ develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube located dorsal to the notochord
hollowness unique to chordates develops into CNC (brain, spinal chord) |
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
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_____ are the grooves that separate a series of pouches along the sides of the pharynx
develop into _____ that open to the outside of the body and allow water entering the mouth to exit the body without passing through the entire digestive tract |
Pharyngeal Clefts=grooves
Pharyngeal Slits=openings |
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pharyngeal slits usually function as ________ in invertebrates and ______ in vertebrates (called ___ ____ )
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suspension-feeding devices in invertebrate chordates
gas exchange; called gill slits in vertebrates |
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pharyngeal clefts do not develop into slits in tetrapods, instead, they....
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develop into parts of the ear and other structures in the head and neck
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deepest branching lineage of chordates
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tunicates
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_____ resemble other chordates during larval stage, but loses chordate characteristics once it attaches to a substrate and goes through metamorphosis
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tunicates
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during metamorphosis, ____ undergo organ rotation of 90 degrees, nervous system degeneration, and tail and notochord reabsorption
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tunicates
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siphons used for feeding in...
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tunicates
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Urochordata
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tunicates
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Cephalochordata
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lancelets
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larvae lancelets develop...
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all four chordate characteristics
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