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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Time/Space/Form
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Large swaths of time are great asset, must know when and where before other w's
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relative dating
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establishing a sites chronological order; seriation, stratigraphy
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absolute dating
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dating a site in calender years; radio-carbon, dendro, trapped charge
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Jamestown Island Tree Study
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Dennis created a master ring sequence for Tidewater area. Reconstructed climate, and found droughts during Jamestown settlement and Roanoake.
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Dendrochronology
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count the rings around a tree (seasonal growth) to find out how old it is. need a master sequence.
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Radiocarbon dating
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The dating of materials by the unstable atoms breaking down into more stable atoms by releasing radioactivity. Libby. Count emissions to find out age.
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Calibration
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The curve is not linear, so their is no direct relationship. Must calibrate because of the inconsistency of N14 and C14 in atmosphere over time.
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Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
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Count number of C14 in a material, allows dating of very small objects. High kinetic energy separates parts.
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Trapped charge dating
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electrons become trapped in atomic imperfections. accumulate over time. heat or light will reset the trapped ions.
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OSL
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Dates to the last time something was buried, no sunlight
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Dismal Swamp OSL
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Africans; pvc pipe into ground to protect sample from light. tests middle of sample thats undistrurbed`
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Law of Superposition
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Each layer is deposited above another was deposited after
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Typological Classification
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dividing materials up by there attributes such as style, temporal, technological
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Seriation
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Ordering or sequence of artifacts based on their formal, tech, or stylistic attributes
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Diagnostic Artifact
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an item that is indicative a particular place or time or cultural group
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Period
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defined by gross changes in arch. remains. Eastern US--> PaleoIndian, Woodland, Archaic
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phase
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block of time def'd by artifacts shared across area
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Middle Range Research
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Research that bridges gap between humans and material remains
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Systemic Context
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Material in its original, dynmaic setting
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Archaeological Context
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Dead, lifeless materials we find now
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Taphonomy
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How living organisms become part of a fossil record
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Experimental Arch
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Recreation of material remains to discover how they were used...example is corn, nuts front yard
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Ethnoarchaeology
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study of a contemporary community with a focus on how the material remains were used...
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Uniformitarism
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Geological processes now operating to modify earth were the same in the past
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Analogy
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If two things agree in one respect, they will probably in others too
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Binford vs. Bordes
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Arguing over neanderthal tools, Bordes claimed they were from diff groups, Binford said they were different for different uses during the year
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Defs of Historical Arch
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study of material remains from remote and ancient past in relation to documentary history and stratigraphy
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Additional Sources of evidence
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Historical documents, maps, portraits, pictures
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Middle Range Theory
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how an arch connects data to broad high level theories
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Ethnohistorical research vs. ethnographic analogy
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takes place of later in historical arch
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Diff in historical sites
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in general no, but different materials require new treatment, global trade leads to artifacts not specific to a region, more trash
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what can it historical contribute
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understanding of daily events, privacy, relationships of groups who in documents didnt associate, architecture of buildings without plans, foodways
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revisionist histories
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retelling of history from point of view of disenfranchised
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public arch
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involvement of descendant communities
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artifacts as markers of ethnicity
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Stine's interpreation of blue beads as African-American symbols,
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multivocality
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interpreting artifacts from multiple perspectives
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chesapeake pipes and star motif
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artifacts found in area
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dating pipe stems
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Pipe lengths and bore diameter over time
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stars on pipes as symbols
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they are icons, representing objects in real world
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multiple meanings of stars
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navigation, predict disease, timing of year
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postprocessual example of stars
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subjunctive perspectives, non-quantitative, social context use, divisions in society
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