Art History 2530 (2) Flash Cards

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Title: Art History 2530 (2)
Description: Hinduism and Buddism
Number of Cards: 52
Save Count: 0
Author: rlhamb012717
Created: 2009-09-19
Tags: buddism hinduism
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • the study of the significance and interpretation of the subject matter of art
    • Iconography
    • the predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent
    • Hinduism
    • a path of salvation attained through insight into the ultimate nature of reality
    • Buddism
    • to represent things such as ideas and emotions
    • Symbol/Symbolism
    • a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India
    • Sanskrit Language
    • combined systems of occupation, endogamy, social culture, social class, and political power
    • Caste System
    • lowest caste
    • Untouchables
    • * Hymns
      * a large body of texts originating in Ancient India
    • Vedas
    • are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta
    • Upanishads
    • one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa
    • Mahabarata
    • * an ancient Sanskrit epic
      * It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king
    • Ramayana
    • * the indidvidual soul
      * a philosophical term used within Hinduism and Vedanta to identify the soul
      * (in Buddism) literally means "self", but is sometimes translated as "soul" or "ego".
    • Atman
    • * the universal soul
      * the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe
    • Brahman
    • * existence in the cycle
      * the endless cycle of suffering caused by birth, death and rebirth (i.e. reincarnation) within Buddhism, Bön, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and other related religions
    • Samsara
    • * the state of being free from suffering
    • Nirvana (also called moska)
    • * beauty within the caste system
      * an Indian spiritual and religious term, that means one's righteous duty or any virtuous path in the common sense of the term
    • Dharma
    • * nature's spirit
      * Hindu god of wealth who rules in the mythical Himalayan kingdom of Alaka
      * male and female depictions
      * (female) often depicted as beautiful and voluptuous, with wide hips, narrow waists, broad shoulders, and exaggerated, spherical breasts
    • Yakshi/Yashkas
    • * an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent
    • King Ashoka
    • * concept: "axis of the world" which marks sacred sites and denotes a link between the human and celestial realms
      * a ubiquitous symbol that crosses human cultures. The image expresses a point of connection between sky and earth where the four compass directions meet
    • Axis Mundi
    • * a.k.a Buddha
      * a spiritual teacher in the north eastern region of the Indian subcontinent who founded Buddhism
    • Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
    • * where Buddha first taught
      * the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma
    • Sarnath
    • * a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, once thought to be places of Buddhist worship, typically the remains of a Buddha or saint
      * (Buddhist Architecture) bell-shaped or pyramidal religious movement, made of piled earth or stone and containing sacred relics
    • Stupa
    • * type of gateway seen in Hindu and Buddhist architecture
      * (Indian Architecture) an ornamented gateway arch in a temple, usually leading to stupa
    • Torana
    • * Great Stupa of Sanchi
      *
    • Railings
    • * a canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight
      *
    • Umbrellas
    • * a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere
    • Dome
    • * a Sanskrit word that translates as "wheel" or "turning"
      * believed to exist in the surface of the etheric double of man
    • Chakra
    • * walking around structure to represent worship
    • Circumambulation Path
    • * refer to a voluminous body of folklore-like literature native to India concerning the previous births (jāti) of the Buddha
    • Jatakas
    • *
    • Mahayana Buddism
    • *
    • Gandhara School
    • *
    • Mathura School
    • * divine purity in an imperfect world
    • Lotus Flower
    • * "have no fear" is being depicted in "Buddha and Attendants" and also in
      "Shiva Nataraja"
    • Mudras

      * gesture of meditation
      * gesture of turning the wheel of Dharma
      * gesture of "have no fear"
      *
    • * princelike features
      * Buddha
    • Elongated Earlobes
    • * turf of white hair on forehead
      * Buddha
    • Urna
    • * a three dimensional oval at the top of the head of the Buddha
      * It symbolizes his wisdom and openness as an enlightened being
    • Ushnisha
    • *
    • Mithura Couples
    • *
    • Sinuous Lines
    • * means either "enlightened (bodhi) existence (sattva)" or "enlightenment-being" or, given the variant Sanskrit spelling satva rather than sattva, "heroic-minded one (satva) for enlightenment (bodhi)
      * a being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in this world in order to help others advance spiritually
    • Bodhisattva
    • * the Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva
    • Bhrama
    • * the creator: conch and shell
    • Vishnu
    • * the detroyer: lingam
      * also known as Rudra (the "Feared One") is a major Hindu god and one aspect of Trimurti
    • Shiva
    • * a symbol for the worship of the Hindu deity Shiva
      * place of worship centered on an object or r epresentation in the form of a phallus, which symbolizes the power of the Hindu god Shiva
    • Lingam
    • *
    • Northern Style Temple
    • *
    • Southern Style Temple
    • * representation of Shiva
    • Image
    • * frrom the Sanskrit word meaning "womb chamber" a small room or shrine in a Hindu temple containing a holy image
    • Garbhagriha
    • * in the architecture of northern India, a conical (or pyramidal) spire found atop a Hindu temple and often crowned with an amalaka
    • Shikhara
    • * provides an end to the temple (round top)
    • Capstone
    • * in Hindu architecture, the circular or square-shaped element on top of a spire (shikhara), often crowned with a finial, symbolizing the cosmos
    • Amalaka
    • * a knoblike architectural decoration usually found at the top point of a spire, pinnacle, canopy, or gable
      * needle like shape, comes out of Northern Style Temple, represents axis mundi
    • Finial