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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What collagen disorder can result in the skull feeling like a bag of bones?
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (infantile type)
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What should you think of if you see aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in a child without trauma?
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Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (it's idiopathic!)
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What serum markers can clue you in to osteoporosis?
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NONE!
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What are the serum lab findings for osteomalacia?
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low Ca, low phosphate, high alk phos
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What is renal osteodystrophy?
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osteomalacia caused by chronic kidney disease
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Frontal bossing, deafness, and extremely high alk phos is associated with which disease?
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Paget's disease
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What is the most common benign bone tumor?
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osteochondroma
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Will a benign bone tumor that occurs on the skull or face be painful?
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NO! this is an osteoma and it's not painful
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Homer-Wright rosettes on histology are indicative of what?
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Ewing's sarcoma
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Is CK elevated in all muscular dystrophies?
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YES
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What is the definition of a glioma?
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tumor that arises from the neural tube
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What tumor occurs in children and young adults, usually in the cerebellum, and grows slowly and rarely invades other structures?
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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What is the most common childhood brain tumor?
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medulloblastoma
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Meningioma and schwannoma are associated with the loss of which tumor suppressor?
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NF2
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Is a neurofibroma encapsulated or not?
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not encapsulated
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What is the diameter for a pituitary adenoma to be considered a macroadenoma?
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has to be over 10 mm
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Hemangioblastoma is associated with which autosomal dominant phacomatasoses?
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von Hippel Lindau
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How does someone with Alzheimer's usually die?
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pneumonia
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Why are Down's patients more likely to get Alzheimer's?
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The amyloid precursor protein gene is on Chromosome 21
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What is the first symptom of Parkinson's?
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loss/diminished smell
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In ALS, what neurons degenerate?
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corticospinal tract, anterior horn cells
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Are fasciculations a sign of UMN loss or LMN loss?
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LMN loss
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What is the inheritance pattern of Friederich's Ataxia?
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AR
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What is the HLA association for multiple sclerosis?
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HLA-DR2
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What is the confirmatory test for MS?
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oligoclonal bands after lumbar puncture
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What demyelinating disease demonstrates albumino-cytologic dissociation?
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Guillan-Barre
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What is the inheritance pattern of metachromatic leukodystrophy?
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autosomal recessive
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If someone presents with many of the same clinical features of MS but their oligoclonal band is negative, what disease should should you think?
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progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
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What causes Wernicke's syndrome?
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thiamin deficiency
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What is the MOA of persantine?
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phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cAMP and inhibits thromboxane A2
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What is the MOA of bivalirudin?
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direct thrombin inhibitor
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What is factor IIa called?
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thrombin
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What is another name for tPA?
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alteplase
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Is lidocaine used for atrial or ventricular arrhythmias?
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ventricular
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If you want to give someone digitoxin, but they have severe liver disease, what can you give them?
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digoxin
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What is the common final MOA of all the inotropic agents?
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increase intracellular calcium in the cardiac myocyte
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What is the classification for moderate persistent asthma?
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day symptoms daily. night symptoms greater than 1 per week. FEV1 60-80%
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Why can't cromolyn be used for acute attacks?
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it's a most cell stabilizer and won't work if the mast cells have already degranulated
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What is the MOA of omalizumab?
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monoclonal antibody to IgE
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What is the DOC steroid for status asmthaticus?
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methylprednisolone
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Is carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion limited or perfusion limited?
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perfusion limited
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What is the formula for renal clearance?
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clearance X plasma [ ] = urine flow X urine [ ]
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What is the formula for pulmonary flow?
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oxygen uptake / (a-v oxygen difference)
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What ion channel is responsible for the phase 0 in cardiac pacemaker cells?
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calcium ion channels
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Are lipid bilayers permeable to water?
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yes!
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What is the 2nd messenger for the alpha1 receptor?
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IP3 and DAG
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What does a Gq receptor do?
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activate phospholipase C
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What sensation do Merkel cells control?
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pressure
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Would you use a negative corrective lens to someone who was near-sghted or far-sighted?
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near-sighted (myopia)
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Is the scala media K rich or Na rich?
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K rich
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If you injure the right temporal lobe, what ear will have hearing difficulty?
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trick question. neither because each cochlear nerve projects to both temporal lobes
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What effect does parasympathetics have on the heart?
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decreases HR only
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What does the drug hexamethonium block?
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autonomic nicotinic ganglia
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Which has a higher affinity for alpha receptors, epi or norepi?
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epi >= norepi
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What does an injection of epinephrine have on systolic and diastolic pressure?
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increases systolic presssure BUT decreases diastolic pressure because of beta 2'a
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Which area of the sarcomere contains only myosin?
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H zone
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what is the afferent nerve of the golgi tendon organ called?
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1B
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What is the glycolytic capacity of red muscle fibers?
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low
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What is the big example of tonic smooth muscle?
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vascular smooth muscle
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In the cardiac cycle diagram, what does the v wave represent?
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increasing pressure in the atria during systole as blood is filling up the atria.
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Is FRC increased or decreased in obstructive lung disease?
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increased
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Why do you not administer pure O2 to a patient with COPD?
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the central CO2 receptors become less sensitive and the peripheral O2 receptors become predominant
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What is the primary motion of teres minor?
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external rotation
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What are the 3 primary extensors of the shoulder?
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deltoid (posterior), lat dorsi, teres major
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Which artery innvervates the deep palmar arch of the hand?
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radial artery
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What dermatome controls the thumb?
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C6
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If someone can abduct their arm against gravity but not against any resistance, what would you grade their muscle strength?
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3/5
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What does Yergason's test test for?
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stability of biceps tendon in bicipital groove
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winging of the scapula can occur because of damage to what nerve?
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long thoracic nerve
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A dislocated shoulder has the possibility of damaging what nerve?
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axillary
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All flexors of the wrist and hand are innervated by the median nerve except what muscle?
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flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar)
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What is the normal carrying angle in women?
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10-12 degrees
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If someone's forearm is restricted in supination, what would you name the radial head somatic dysfunction?
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posterior radial head
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What carpal bone articulates with the metacarpal of the thumb?
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trapezium
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What does Finkelstein's test determine?
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if there's DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
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What does 1/2 LOAF refer to?
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the intrinsic muscles of the hand that are innervated by the median nerve
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A swan neck deformity of the hand is often associated with which disease?
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RA
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Ape hand deformity is damage to what nerve?
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median
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Bishop's deformity of the hand is damage to what nerve?
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median
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