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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is there a higher calcium concentration inside or outside the cell?
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outside
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what is the major function of the glycocalyx?
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acts like a sticky substance to help cells stick together, or to aid with nutrient attachment for eventual absorption, or to aid in trapping substances like hormones
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are voltage gated and chemical gated channels examples of simple diffusion or facilitated transport?
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simple diffusion
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does facilitated diffusion require a carrier protein to shuttle the molecule across?
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yes
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the H/K ATPase is an example of what kind of active transport?
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primary
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describe cotransport as a secondary active transport?
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2 molecules going in the same direction. 1 is going down its concentration gradient which allows the other to go against its gradient
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are ion channels selective or non-selective?
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selective
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what is the nernst equation?
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E= +-60 log10 ([I]/[E])
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at rest, would a negative ion have a positive or negative nernst potential?
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positive
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what is the resting membrane potential roughly?
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-70 to -90
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why does Na still come into the cell during an action potential when the depolarization simultaneously closes the inactivation gates?
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the inactivation gates are slow to close while the open activation gates open quickly
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what ion is responsible for repolarization during an action potential?
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potassium
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why is there an undershoot following an action potential?
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potassium channels are open a long time and begin to assume its membrane potential, which is negative.
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what is responsible for the absolute refractory period of an action potential?
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Na inactivation gates are all closed
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what is mainly responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
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potassium
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what does the neuronal fiber type C do?
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post ganglionic fibers of the ANS
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is serotonin an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?
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excitatory
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is glycine an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter?
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inhibitory
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what is the primary MOA of barbituates and benzos?
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act on GABAa to increase Cl- conductance
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what neurotransmitter controls sweat glands and piloerector muscles?
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Ach binding to M receptors (sympathetics though!)
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what drugs are commonly associated with increased impulse control problems like gambling?
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DA agonists for Parkinson's (ropinirole, pramipexole, levodopa)
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what is deprenyl?
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aka selegiline. MAOB inhibitor for parkinson's
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procyclidine and biperiden have what MOA and are used for what disease?
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antimuscarinics used for parkinson's
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what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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delusions, hallucinations
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which 1st generation anti-psychotic is rarely used because it causes QT prolongation among other things?
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thioridazine
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is tardive dyskenesia reversible?
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no
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how do antipsychotics have anti-emetic effects?
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block D2 receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone
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what is the DOC for partial seizures?
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carbamazepine
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what is the DOC for status epilepticus?
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diazepam
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what is the MOA of levetiracetam?
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binds to SV2A and inhibits neurotransmitter release
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which antiseizure drug has analgesic properties and can be used in painful conditions such as diabetic neuropathy?
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pregabalin
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what are the 3 MOA of metoclopramide?
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dopamine blocker in CTZ, M3 agonist in GI tract, and 5HT3 blocker at high doses
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what do the -setron drugs such as odansetron do?
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powerful 5HT3 blockers used for severe nausea and vomiting with serious medical conditions
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how does senna and castor oil act as laxatives?
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they are irritants that stimulate peristalsis
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is facilitation of a spinal segment seen more with acute or chronic dysfunction?
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chronic
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can an intense visceral or somatic afference spread to facilitated segments that are above or below the expected thoracolumbar segment?
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yes
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what technique can be used to decrease sympathetic tone in the sympathetic chain in the thoracic region?
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rib raising
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if a chapman's point is found, what is the next thing done?
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investigate to see if there is a problem with the organ in question
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which Chapman's points, anterior or posterior, are the ones used for diagnosis?
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anterior
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what structure corresponds to the chapman's point found on the lateral superior humerus?
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conjunctiva, retina
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what are the borders that make up the functional thoracic inlet?
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manubrium with angle of Louis, first 2 ribs, T1-T4 vertebrae
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are lymphatic pump treatments used before or after the 4 thoracic diaphragms are treated?
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after
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in a compensated fascial pattern, are the diaphragms alternating in different directions or are they in same direction?
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alternating direction
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what cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers to the carotid body and carotid sinus?
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9 and 10
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does the hypogastric plexus contain sympathetics, parasympathetics, or both?
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both
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what is the segmental sympathetic innervation to the prostate?
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T12-L2
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where does the dura attach?
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cranial bones, foramen magnum, C2, C3, S2
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during cranial flexion, does the sacrum nutate or counternutate?
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it counternutates
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during cranial extension, do the paired cranial bones internally or externally rotate?
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they internally rotate
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in cranial torsions, how do you name the side of the torsion?
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which side has the greater wing of sphenoid higher
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in vertical or lateral cranial strains, how do you name the side?
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named for where shenoid is in relation to midline
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what cranial nerves can be affected if the sphenoid is in dysfunction?
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1-8
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what is the purpose of CV4 technique?
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fixes any SBS compression that exists to increase CRI amplitude
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