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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the Ptolemaic model Venus is always __ the Earth than the Sun is
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In the Ptolemaic model Venus is always closer to the Earth than the Sun is
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One sidereal day is __ than one solar day
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3.9 minutes shorter
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According to Wien's law, the peak of the Planck curve for a 3000K object is __ than for a 5000K object
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According to Wien's law, the peak of the Planck curve for a 3000K object is redder than for a 5000K object
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Who was the first to put the Sun at the center of the solar system to eliminate the need for epicycles?
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Copernicus
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Retrograde motion occurs when planets apear to move __ relative to the stars
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Retrograde motion occurs when planets apear to move westward relative to the stars
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When a lundar eclipse occurs it can be seen from anyplace on the __ side of the Earth
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When a lundar eclipse occurs it can be seen from anyplace on the night side of the Earth
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The ecliptic is
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the path the sun follows across the sky throughout the year, tilted 23.5 degrees from the celestial equator
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On september 21, the Sun is located
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on or near the celestial equator
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An eclipse of the Moon can only be observed during a __ moon
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An eclipse of the Moon can only be observed during a full moon
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An eclipse of the Sun can only be observed during a __ moon
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An eclipse of the Sun can only be observed during a new moon
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In the Copernican model of the universe, the __ is a the center of the universe and the planetary motions are __
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In the Copernican model of the universe, the Sun is a the center of the universe and the planetary motions are circular
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In the Kepler model of the universe, the __ is at the center of the universe and the planetary motions are __
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In the Kepler model of the universe, the Sun is at the center of the universe and the planetary motions are eccliptical
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Who from the Copernican revolution developed the physical laws explaining why the planets follow elliptical orbits?
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Newton
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Who from the Copernican revolution carefully analyzed and plotted Brahe's data and deduced the 3 laws of planetary motion?
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Kepler
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According to Stefan's Law if we quadruple the temperature, the radiated energy changes by a factor of __
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According to Stefan's Law if we quadruple the temperature, the radiated energy changes by a factor of 256
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Blue light has a __ wavelength and a __ energy than red light
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Blue light has a shorter wavelength and a higher energy than red light
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Stars appear to rotate __ around the North Pole, while stars in the eastern sky appear to __
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Stars appear to rotate counter clockwise around the North Pole, while stars in the eastern sky appear to rise
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Why did Greek philosophers reject Aristarchus's idea that Earth revolves around the Sun?
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The stellar parallax could not be observed
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The first people to see a total solar eclipse see it beginning at __, it moves form __ to ___
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The first people to see a total solar eclipse see it beginning at sunrise, it moves form west to east
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When a light source is approaching you at hight speed, the Doppler effect causes the __ of the light to be __
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When a light source is approaching you at hight speed, the Doppler effect causes the energy of the light to be increased
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Consecutive full moons occur every
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synodic month
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To track a distant galaxy using a telescope on an equatorial mount, we need to move the telescope on the __ axis
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To track a distant galaxy using a telescope on an equatorial mount, we need to move the telescope on the right ascension axis
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When white light is passed through a cool, thin gas, the photons that are absorbed cause __ and are reemitted in __
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When white light is passed through a cool, thin gas, the photons that are absorbed cause radiative excitation and are reemitted in random directions
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Most of the hydrogen in Earth's early atmosphere has
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escaped into space
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Seismic __ wave cannot propagate through Earth's core, while seismic __ waves can.
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Seismic shear wave cannot propagate through Earth's core, while seismic pressure waves can.
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A hot, dense gas at high pressure produces __ spectrum
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A hot, dense gas at high pressure produces a continuous spectrum
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The emission and absorption lines of hydrogen gas occur at __ frequencies
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The emission and absorption lines of hydrogen gas occur at the same frequencies
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The energy values for the electronic excitation levels in an atom are determined by the number of __ in its __
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The energy values for the electronic excitation levels in an atom are determined by the number of protons in its nucleus
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A hot, thin gas produces
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emission lines
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Emission and absorption lines can be broadened due to __ temperature and __ rotation
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Emission and absorption lines can be broadened due to high temperature and strong rotation
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Hurricanes spin __ in the Northern hemisphere
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Hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere
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A cooler planet will retain __ of its hydrogen than a hotter planet.
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A cooler planet will retain more of its hydrogen than a hotter planet.
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A hotter planet will retain __ of its hydrogen than a cooler planet.
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A hotter planet will retain less of its hydrogen than a cooler planet.
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Earths rate of spin is
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decreasing
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The moon is moving
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away from the Earth
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Radio astronomy (can/cannot) be performed from the surface of the Earth, where as optical astronomy (can/cannot)
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Radio astronomy can be performed from the surface of the Earth, where as optical astronomy cannot
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The Earth cools mainly by emitting __ radiation
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The Earth cools mainly by emitting infrared radiation
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The greenhouse effect occurs when __ radiation is trapped
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The greenhouse effect occurs when infrared radiation is trapped
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Terrestrial planets have __ magnetic fields and __ rotation
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Terrestrial planets have weak magnetic fields and slow rotation
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Jovian planets have __ magnetic fields and __ rotation
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Jovian planets have strong magnetic fields and rapid rotation
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Which methods can be used to detect extra-solar planets?
(i) Searches for periodic Doppler shifts of lines in the spectrum of the central star. (ii) Searches for periodic changes in the pulsations observed from a pulsar (iii) Searches for planets with satellites in orbit around them. (iv) Searches for periodic drops in the light from the central star due to transits by a planet. (v) Searches for perodic, bright flashes from the central star. (vi) Searches for supernova explosions. |
(i) Searches for periodic Doppler shifts of lines in the spectrum of the central star.
(ii) Searches for periodic changes in the pulsations observed from a pulsar (iv) Searches for periodic drops in the light from the central star due to transits by a planet. |
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Which methods can be used to detect planets with masses similar to that of Earth?
(i) Searches for periodic Doppler shifts of lines in the spectrum of the central star. (ii) Searches for periodic changes in the pulsations observed from a pulsar (iii) Searches for planets with satellites in orbit around them. (iv) Searches for periodic drops in the light from the central star due to transits by a planet. (v) Searches for perodic, bright flashes from the central star. (vi) Searches for supernova explosions. |
(ii) Searches for periodic changes in the pulsations observed from a pulsar
(iv) Searches for periodic drops in the light from the central star due to transits by a planet. |
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The Earth has a __ core
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The Earth has a liquid core
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The moon and Mercury have not significant atmospheres because
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the escape velocity is too low
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Mars (did/didnt) differentiate completely because it (cooled to quickly/remained too hot)
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Mars didnt differentiate completely because it cooled to quickly
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The mass and radius of Pluto was measured using
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observations of the orbits of Pluto and Charon
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Jupiter emits twice as much energy per second as it receives due to
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escape of residual heat
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Saturn emits three times as much energy per second as it receives because of
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ongoing differentiation
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The atmospheres of Mars and Venus are made up of
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CO2
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The atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn are made up of
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H2
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Mars had a huge flood of __ from the __ highlands into the __ lowlands
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Mars had a huge flood of water from the southern highlands into the northern lowlands
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The narrow shape of Saturn's F-ring is caused by
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gravitational interactions with two shepherd satellites
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Mercury has __ surface gravity than the moon
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Mercury has higher surface gravity than the moon
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The magnetic fields of Earth, Jupiter, and Neptune are thought to be generated in regions containing (metallic hydrogen, ionic slush, molten iron)
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Earth - molten iron
Jupiter - metallic hydrogen Neptune - ionic slush |
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The average densities of the Moon and Mars are about (5-6/3-4), thus both (do/dont) have a large fraction of iron
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The average densities of the Moon and Mars are about 3-4 gm/cm^3, thus both dont have a large fraction of iron
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Water ice is able to survive near the __ on the Moon and Mercury because __
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Water ice is able to survive near the poles on the Moon and Mercury because it is hidden in deep shadowed craters
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(Jupiter/Saturn) radiated much more heat during the formation of its moons, causing more __ of the moon system
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Jupiter radiated much more heat during the formation of its moons, causing more differentiation of the moon system
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The Cassini division in Saturn's rings is due to a ?:? orbital resonance with the moon Mimas
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2:1
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The density of Pluto is
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2 g/cm^3
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Which were used to discover the 3:2 spin-orbit resonance of Mercury?
(i) X-ray astronomy. (ii) the Doppler shift of reflected radar signals. (iii) radio astronomy observations of the Planck curve. (iv) the observations of Giovanni Schiaparelli. (v) the Hubble Space Telescope |
(ii) the Doppler shift of reflected radar signals.
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Which were used to discover the high surface temperature of Mercury?
(i) X-ray astronomy. (ii) the Doppler shift of reflected radar signals. (iii) radio astronomy observations of the Planck curve. (iv) the observations of Giovanni Schiaparelli. (v) the Hubble Space Telescope |
(iii) radio astronomy observations of the Planck curve.
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Which were used to discover the retrograde rotation of Venus?
(i) X-ray astronomy. (ii) the Doppler shift of reflected radar signals. (iii) radio astronomy observations of the Planck curve. (iv) the observations of Giovanni Schiaparelli. (v) the Hubble Space Telescope |
(ii) the Doppler shift of reflected radar signals.
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The water molecules in the atmosphere of Venus have been split up by solar radiation with __ escaping into space
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The water molecules in the atmosphere of Venus have been split up by solar radiation with hydrogen escaping into space
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Uranus and Neptune apear bluish because
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they have methand gases in their atmosphere
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Jupiters magnetic field sidereal rotation period is
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10 hours
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The internal heating that powers the volcanoes on Io is caused by
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tidal forces from Jupiter
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Scientists based on telescopic observations had believed the highlands on the Moon were __ years old and the maria were __ years old
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Scientists based on telescopic observations had believed the highlands on the Moon were 4 years old and the maria were 100 years old
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The Moon's highlands are actually __ years older than the maria
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The Moon's highlands are actually .5 years older than the maria
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Helium precipitation occurs on Saturn but not on Jupiter because Jupiter ________. The hypothesis of helium precipitation in Saturn's atmosphere helps to explain its ________ and also the lack of ________ in its clouds
a) is too cold for helium to condense; high temperature; methane b) is too cold for helium to condense; low temperature; hydrogen c) is too warm for helium to condense; high temperature; helium d) is too warm for helium to condense; high temperature; methane e) is too warm for hydrogen to condense; low temperature; helium |
Helium precipitation occurs on Saturn but not on Jupiter because Jupiter is too warm for helium to condense. The hypothesis of helium precipitation in Saturn's atmosphere helps to explain its high temperature and also the lack of helium in its clouds
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The various gaps observed in Saturn's rings are caused by orbital resonances with
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Saturn's moons
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