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KEY IDEAS of Romanesque:

* Romanesque art of hows a revitalization of large-scale architecture and sculpture.
* Pilgrimages to sacred European shrines increase the flow of people and ideas around the continent.
* Romanesque churches develop their apse end to accommodate large crowds of pilgrims.
* Church portal sculptures stress themes of the Last Judgment and the need for salvation.
* Manuscript painting and weaving flourish as art forms.
To 19th-century art historians, Romanesque architecture looked like a derivative of ancient Roman art,
and they titled the period Romanesque ("in the Roman manner")
Time period of Romanesque Art was:
1000 - 1150, with some objects dating as late as 1200.
Where did the name "Romanesque" come from?
To 19th-century art historians, Romanesque architecture looked like a derivative of ancient Roman art,
so they titled the period "Romanesque" or "in the Roman manner".
Although are are some superficial resemblances in the roundness of architectural forms,
the Romanesque period is very different from its namesake.
By 1000, Europeans began a counter-invasion of Muslim Lands called:
the Crusades.
The universal triumph of Christianity in Europe with the pope cast as its leader was:
a spiritual empire not unlike the Roman secular one.
The most important attraction as Europeans began to crisscross Europe on religious pilgrimages to Rome and Jerusalem was the:
shrine dedicated to Saint James in the northwestern Spanish town of Santiago de Compostela.
A magnificent Romanesque cathedral was built as the endpoint of all western European pilgrimages.
_____ were established at key points along the road,
so that pilgrims could enjoy additional other holy places,
many of which still survive today.
Shrines
During the Romanesque Era, Medieval society was centered on:
feudalism.
Feudalism = a symbiotic relationship between lords and peasants.
Painting was considered a higher calling compared to sculpture or architecture because:
painters worked less with their hands.
Name the nun who wrote plays that were reminiscent of Roman playwrights and poets.
Hrotswitha of Gandersheim.
Blessed Hildegard of Bingen (1098 – 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard, and Sibyl of the Rhine,
was a:
German writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, Benedictine abbess, visionary, and polymath.
Elected a magistra by her fellow nuns in 1136, she founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and Eibingen in 1165.

One of her works as a composer, the Ordo Virtutum, is an early example of liturgical drama.
Women were generally confined to the "feminine arts", such as:
ceramics, weaving, and manuscript decoration.
The primary focus of medieval architecture is on the:
construction of castles, manor houses, monasteries, and cathedrals.
The first surviving example of the use of rib vaults occurred in:
Durham Cathedral.
Durham Cathedral is the first building to use rib vaults.

Saint-Etienne's was retrofitted later.
Pilgrimages accounted for the architectural development of:
radiating chapels.
Radiating chapels were added to the apse end of Romanesque churches to accommodate the crowds coming to see religious relics and other artifacts.
Romanesque architecture is characterized by its:
massiveness and solidity.
Romanesque architecture is heavy, solid-looking, and relatively dark.
The difference between an embroidery and a tapestry is that an embroidery is:
stitched on a pre-made background.
A tapestry is:
made on a loom.
A tapestry is made on a loom by weaving the backing of the fabric and the design at the same time.
The Bayeux Tapestry celebrates the:
conquering of England by William the Conqueror in 1066.
The Virgin and Child in Majesty, or The Morgan Madonna, depicts Mary and Jesus in a relationship that expresses:
Mary's position as the Throne of Wisdom.
Mary is seen as the Throne of Wisdom, holding Jesus in her llll
A trumeau is located:
between the doors of a portal of a cathedral.
It holds up the lintel above.
Hildeguard von Bingen was a:
author of her own mystical visions.
Jesus is often depicted as a little man in many works of Medieval art because:
his wisdom is suggested by his older appearance.
Jesus' wisdom is suggested by his older appearance on a small body.
The basic unit of medieval construction is called the:
bay.