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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transition
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Type of chemical mutagenesis in Bacteria where a purine is switched for a purine, or a pyrimidine is switched for a pyrimidine
Remember "Pure As Gold"--> Purines include Adenine and Guanine |
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Transversion
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Type of chemical mutagenesis in Bacteria where a purine erroneously replaces a pyrimidine
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Methyltransferase
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suicide enzyme that removes methyl groups that are misplaced in DNA
constantly scans DNA in order to do its repair job |
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Light Repair
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direct reversal of UV induced dimers: Photolyase is activated by same light that does damage and acts to cleave off the UV induced dimers
Note: Humans and many bacteria use Dark Repair, not Light Repair |
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Bacterial DNA repair mechanism:
constitutive and error-free clears thymine dimers and bulky lesions Uvr ABC recognizes distortion and nicks on either side of dimer; Helicase unwinds DNA; DNA Pol resynthesizes; Ligase seals repaired strand |
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Humans get this condition if they lack DNA Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Xeroderma Pigmentosa
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3 Kinds of Dark Repair
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Mismatch Repair
Postreplication (followed by mismatch) SOS (error prone--used when extensive UV damage leaves no chromosome without dimers and gaps to serve as model for repair of other strand--> actually adds mutagenic possibilities) |
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protein that functions to bring all DNA to areas of homology
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RecA
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Name the mutation suppresion mechanism where tRNA's anticodons are changed in order to rectify an erroneous stop codons (nonsense mutation). What problem does it pose?
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extragenic mutation suppression
generates megaproteins |
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DNA transfer by cell to cell contact
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conjugation
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when a bacterial cell takes up naked DNA
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transformation
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when a bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA between cells
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transduction
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when 2 circular molecules combine to form a larger circular molecule of DNA without loss of DNA (as in when a Fertility factor and a Resistance factor merge)
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Campbell Recombination
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What is HfR conjugation?
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When an F factor integrated into the chromosomal DNA allows the entire chromosome to be duplicated and passed to recipient cells
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How is classical REcombination different from Campbell recombination?
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an incoming strand replaces an old strand of DNA to create a hybrid (Campbell Recombination is additive)--> in case of mutation, there's a 50% chance of choosing the correct gene version, and a 50% chance of choosing the mutated one when RecA lines up homologous strands
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DNA transfer where a virulent virus accidentally fills its head with chromosomal DNA and carries it to a new cell upon lysis
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Generalized Transduction
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type of bacterial DNA transfer performed by temperate viruses, which pick up some chromosomal DNA that lies adjacent to the integrated viral DNA
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Specialized Transduction
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