Barkely Human Development

1 Trust v Mistrust
2 Autonomy v Shame and Doubt
3 Initiative v Guilt
4 Industry v Inferiority
5 Identity v Role Confusion
6 Intimacy vs Isolation
7 Generativity v Stagnantion
8 Ego Integrity v Despair

Birth to 1 year
Trust vs Mistrust

1-3 yrs
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt

3-6 yrs
Initiative v Guilt

6-12 yrs
Industry v Inferiority

12-18 yrs
Identity v Role Confusion

19 to 40 yrs
Intimacy v Isolation

40- 65 yrs
Generativity v Stagnation

Ego intergrity vs Stagnation

1 Sesorimotor stage
2 Preoperational (Preconceptual thinking)
3 Intuitve/ Preoperational thinking
4 Concrete thinking
5 Formal operational thought

Birth - 2 yrs

2-4 yrs

4-7 yrs

7-11 yrs

11-15 yrs

1 Reflex inborn
2 adapts inborn reflexes to the environment
3 object permanence
4 sensory abilities improve- becomes increasingly aware of environment
5 trial and error learning
6 simple problem solving

1 Can focus on a single aspect of a situation
2 no cause and effect reasoning
3 egocentrism
4 development of intuitive thought
5 difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy (magical thinking)
6 Use of symbols

1 Begining of causation

1 Capable of logical thought
2 Logical operations

1 ability to abstract
2 capable of complex problem solving
3 reality based

Freud
Principle of pleasure

Freud
Principle of reality/self-interest

Freud
Principle of morality or conscience

psychosexual development
1Oral
2 Anal
3 Phallic
4 Latency
5 Genital

oral stage

0-6 months
orally passive
biological pleasure principle

7-18 months
oral satisfaction by needs of mother decreases tension

1.5-3 yrs
anal stage

3-6 yrs
Phallic stage
Love of opposite sex
Oedipal complex
ego development

6-12 yrs
Latency stage
(sexual drive repressed socialization occurs, super ego and morality development

12-18 genital stage

School age

Infancy

Preschool

where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are consciously transformed into socially acceptable actions or behaviour, possibly converting the initial impulse in the long term.

is the unconscious hiding of uncomfortable thoughts.


For example, someone who feels homosexual desire might repress that desire by turning it into hatred for all homosexuals.

unacceptable emotions and impulses are mastered by exaggeration (hypertrophy) of the directly opposing tendency.

For example, someone who feels homosexual desire might repress that desire by turning it into hatred for all homosexuals.

is an unconscious defense mechanism in which perceived controversial behaviors or feelings are logically justified and explained in a rational or logical manner in order to avoid any true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable

110-120 kcal/kg/day

100 kcal/kg/day

102 kcal/kg/day

90 kcal/kg/day

70 kcal/kg/day

45-55 kcal/kg/day

40-47 kcal/kg/day

30-35 kcal/kg/day

under 2500 g

under 1500 g

under 1000 g

b/t 10-90 th percentile

over 90 %
maternal diabetes

Under 10%
genetic, chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine infection inborn errors of met, drugs, x ray exposure
Symmetric v assymetric

1 PKU
2 Galactesemia
3 Sickle Cell
4 Congenital Hypothyroidism

1 PKU
2 Galactosemia
3 Maple syrup urine dx

No Galactose
If an infant with galactosemia is given milk, substances made from galactose build up in the infant's system. These substances damage the liver, brain, kidneys, and eyes.

liver dysfunction, coagulopathies, cataracts, FTT, MR

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an aminoacidopathy secondary to an enzyme defect in the catabolic pathway of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Accumulation of these 3 amino acids and their corresponding keto acids leads to encephalopathy and progressive neurodegeneration in untreated infants. Early diagnosis and dietary intervention prevent complications and may allow for normal intellectual development

hearing loss

Occipitofrontal Circumference

18 months

1 mg/kg/day of Fe is recommended after 6 months of age

If drinking water has >0.6 ppm of flouride recommended after 6 months of age

kcal/kg/day= RDA calories for agex 50th percentile wt for ht (kg) divided by actual weight (kg)

30 g/day (1 oz/day)

15-20 g/day

15-17 months