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25 Cards in this Set

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CN VIII synapses where?
Cochlear Nuclei

recall: Near outer-dorsal brainstem in medulla
The cochlear nuclei synapses where?
Superior Olivary Nucleus
Draw out auditory pathway
See notes
Where is the first places where input from left and right ears converge?
Superior olivary Nucleus (SO)
What are the 2 sub nuclei of the SO and what do they do?
Medial Nucleus - computes ineraural time differences

Lateral Nucleus computes interaural intensity differences
How are differences in low frequency sounds measured?
ITD - time difference
How are differences in high frequency sounds measured?
ILD - Intensity difference
What is required for neuron in MSO to fire?
Simultaneous excitement from both ears

Gives mechanism to for computing time difference
The ipsilateral ear provides what kind of input to the LSO

Contralateral?
Ipsilateral - excitatory

Contralateral - inhibitory
ITD/ILD localizes sound in what plane?
Horizontal
Biaural cues localize sound in what plane?
Horizontal (ILD/ITD)
How are sound localizes in the vertical plane?
Monaural cues
What is the auditory relay nucleus in the thalmus?
medial geniculate nucleus
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
Transverse temporal gyri, on the superior surface of the temporal lobe
What are 4 key elements that allow us to disentangle waveform to hear distinct sounds?
1. Location

2, Similiarity

3. Proximity

4. Good continuation
What is frequency proximity?
When a stimulus with similar frequencies tends to be heard as a single sound
What are the 2 components for how we conceptualize sound?
1. Ventral Stream

2. Dorsal Stream

SAME CONCEPT IN VISUAL SYSTEM
What codes features of what a sound is?
Ventral Stream
What codes features of WHERE a sound is?
Dorsal Stream
The posterior parietal cortex is part of what pathway?
Dorsal stream - "where" pathway
The parabelt cortex is part of what pathway?
Ventral Stream = "what" pathway
What are the 3 main levels of processing in the auditory cortex?
1. Core

2. Belt

3. Parabelt
Which level in the auditory complex is tonotopic and responds to simple sounds?
Core regions
What levels of the auditory cortex are not tonotopic and respond to more complex sounds?
Belt and Parabelt regions
What is an example of how belt/parabelt respond to complex sounds?
Respond to frequency and the ORDER in which they're played

Ex: Won't understand backwards speech