Behavior Genetics, Exam 3 Flash Cards

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Title: Behavior Genetics, Exam 3
Description: Short and sweet
Number of Cards: 17
Save Count: 0
Author: bschlem11
Created: 2011-12-07
Tags: behavior genetics psychology
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Endophenotype
    • An “inside” or intermediate phenotype that does not involve overt behavior.
    • Assortative mating
    • Nonrandom mating that results in similarity between spouses. Assortative mating can be negative (“opposites attract”) but is usually positive (“birds of a feather”)
    • Forest plot
    • Is a graphical display designed to illustrate the relative strength of treatment effects in multiple quantitative scientific studies addressing the same question. It was developed for use in medical research as a means of graphically representing a meta-analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials.
    • Manhattan plot
    • Is a type of scatter plot, usually used to display data with a large number of data-points - many of non-zero amplitude, and with a distribution of higher-magnitude values, for instance in genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
    • Probandwise concordance
    • Is a measure of the proportion of twins who have the illness who have an affected twin and can be calculated with the formula of 2C/(2C+D), in which C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs.
    • Epigenetics
    • Is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
    • APOE
    • Chromosome 19, contributes to late-onset Alzheimer’s
    • 5-HTT
    • Encodes serotonin transporter gene, linked to a lot of neuropsychiatric disorders such as Depression
    • DRD4
    • Dopamine receptor D4
      -is a major target for schizophrenia and Parkinson's drugs
    • How do genetic factors explain general intelligence?
    • genetic factors explain about 50% of the individual differences in general intelligence and that this appears to increase from childhood to adulthood
    • What are two dimensions that overlap between the Big 3 and Big 5 personality theories?
    • Neuroticism and Extraversion
    • What is the lifetime prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease?
    • About 13% for those 65 years and up
    • What is a susceptibility gene for AD?
    • APOE
    • What is key to know about mental retardation?
    • It his genetically heterogenous, it has single-gene and chromosomal abnormalities that contribute to it.
    • What are the two group models of mental retardation?
    • Organic mental retardation and cultural/familial mental retardation
    • What does the organic model of MR posit? (5 things)
    • -known biological cause of MR
      -usually moderate to profound retardation
      -no association with SES or ethnic group
      -greater association with physical disabilities
      -usually identified by parents/physician due to gross developmental delay/physical features
    • What does the cultural/familial model of MR posit? (7 things)
    • -no clear cause of retardation
      -usually mild MR
      -association with low SES & minority groups
      -no association with physical disabilities
      -associated with environmental deprivation
      -other family members may show MR
      -usually identified by teachers due to academic failure