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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axis I
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Major Psychiatric Disorders that tend to relapse and remit
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Axis II
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Ongoing, chronic disorders that stay relatively constant and have onset in childhood or early adulthood (mental retardation and personality disorders)
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Axis III
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Any medical condition.
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Axis IV
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Stressors in the individual's life (psychosocial and environmental)
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Axis V
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Global Assessment of Functioning Score (1-100 severity/impairment caused by psychiatric disorder)
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Echopraxia
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Pathological imitation of mvmts of one person by another
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Catalepsy
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general term for an immobile position that is constantly maintained
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Catatonic stupor
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markedly slowed motor activity, often to point of immobility and seeming unawareness of surroundings
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Waxy flexibility
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condition of a person who can be molded into a position that is then maintained (if move their limb, it feels like wax)
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Akinesia
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lack of physical movement, as in extreme immobility of catatonic schizophrenia
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Cataplexy
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temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states
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Stereotypy
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repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech
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Mannerism
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ingrained, habitual involuntary movement
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Psychomotor agitation
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excessive motor and cognitive overactivity, usual nonproductive and in response to internal tension
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Tic
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involuntary, spasmodic motor movement
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Akathisia
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subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other meds, can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting/standing, can be mistaken for agitation
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Ataxia
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failure of muscle coordination, irregularity of muscle action
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Psychomotor retardation
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decreased motor/cognitive activity, visible slowing of thought, speech and mvmt.
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Dyskinesia
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difficulty in performing voluntary mvnts, as in extrapyramidal disorders
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Bradykinesia
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slowness of motor activity with a decrease in normal spontaneous mvmt
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Chorea
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random and involuntary quick, jerky, purposeless mvmts
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Dystonia
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slow, sustained contractions of trunk/limbs, seen in med induced dystonia
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Mood
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pervasive and sustained emotion, subjectively experienced and reported by patient and observed by others
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Dysphoric mood
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unpleasant, somewhat sad mood
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Euthymic mood
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ml range of mood, implies absence of depressed or elevated mood
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Expansive mood
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expression of feelings without restraint, frequently with overestimation of their significance or importance
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Irritable mood
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state in which person is easily annoyed and provoked to anger
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Labile mood
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(mood swings) oscillations between eupohria, depression, or anxiety
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Elevated mood
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air of confidence and enjoyment, a mood more cheerful than usual
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Ecstacy
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feeling of intense happiness
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Depression
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pathological feeling of sadness
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Anhedonia
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loss of interest and withdrawl from all regular and pleasurable activities, often associated with depression
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Grief
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sadness appropriate to a real loss
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Alexithymia
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a person's difficulty in describing or being aware of emotions or mood
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Elation
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feelings of joy, eupohria, triumph, intense self satisfaction, or optimism
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Anxiety
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feeling of apprehension caused by and in anticipation of danger, which may be internal or external
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Affect
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observed expression of emotion, possibly inconsistent with patient's description of emotion
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Appropriate affect
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emotional tone is in harmony with accompanying idea, thought or speech; also broad/full affect in which full range of emotions is appropriately expressed
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Inappropriate affect
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disharmony between emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it
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Blunted affect
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disturbance in affect manifsted by a severe reduction in the intensity or externalized feeling tone
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Restricted or Constricted affect
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reduction in the intensity of externailzed feeling tone
constricted > blunted > flat |
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Flat affect
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absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; voice monotonous, face immobile
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Labile affect
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rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli
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Speech
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ideas, thoughts, feelings as expressed through language; communication through use of words and language
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Pressured speech
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rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt
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Logorrhea
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copious, coherent, logical speech
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Poverty of speech
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restriction in the amount of speech used, replies may be monosyllabic
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Nonspontaneous speech
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verbal responses given only when asked or spoken to directly, no self initiation of speech
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Poverty of content of speech
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speech is adequate in amount, but conveys little info because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrases
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Dysprosody
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loss of normal melody of speech (prosody)
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Dysarthria
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difficulty in articulation, not in word finding or grammar
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Perception
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process of transferring physical stimulation into psychological info; mental process by which sensory stimuli brought into awareness
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Hallucination
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false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli; may or may not have delusional interpretation
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Hypnagogic hallucination
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false sensory perception occurs while falling asleep; generally considered non pathological
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Hypnopompic hallucination
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false perception occurring while awakening from sleep (popping out of bed); generally considered non pathological
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Auditory hallucinations
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false perception of sound, usually voices but also other noises such as music; most common hallucination in psychiatric disorders
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Visual hallucination
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False perception involving sight: formed images and unformed images; most common in medically related disorders
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Olfactory hallucinations
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false perception of smell; most commonly related to med disorders such as pre-ictus of seizures
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Gustatory hallucination
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False perception of taste, usually unpleasant, commonly related to med disorders, such as pre-ictus of seizures
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Somatic hallucination
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False sense of things occuring in body, most often visceral in origin
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Mood congruent hallucination
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content is consistent with either a manic or depressed mood
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Mood incongruent hallucination
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content is not consistent with either a depressed or manic mood
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Command hallucinations
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false perception of orders that a person may feel obliged to obey or unable to resist (often dangerous)
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Illusion
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misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli
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Dissociation
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defense mechanism involving segregation of any group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person's psychic activity
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Macropsia
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state in which objects seem larger than they are
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Micropsia
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state in which objects seem smaller than the are
can be associated with partial cx sz |
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Depersonalization
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a person's subjective sense of being unreal, strange, or unfamiliar
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Derealization
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subjective sense that the environment is strange or unreal; feeling of changed reality
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Fugue
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taking on a new identity with amnesia for the old identity; often involves travel or wandering to new environments
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Thoughts
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Goal directed flow of ideas, symbols, associations initiated by a problem or task and leading towards a reality oriented conclusion
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Thought process
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flow of one idea to another in a logical process
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Neologism
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new word created by a patient, often combining syllables of other words; idiosyncratic and pathological
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Word salad
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Incoherent mixture of words and phrases
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Circumstantiality
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Indirect speech that is delayed inreaching point, but eventually gets from original pt to desired goal; char by overinclusion of details and parenthetical remarks
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Tangentiality
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Inability to have goal directed associationso fo thought; never gets from desired point to goal
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Verbigeration
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meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases (man at train stop)
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Perseveration
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Persisting response to a previous stimulus after new stim has been presented; often associated with cog disorders
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Echolalia
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pathological repeating of words/phrases of one person and another
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Loosening of associations
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flow of thought in which ideas shift from one to another in a completely unrelated way; when severe, speech may be incoherent
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Derailment
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gradual or sudden deviation in train of thought with blocking
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Blocking
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abrupt interruption in train of thinking before thought/idea is finished; after brief pause no recall of what was being said
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Flight of ideas
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rapid continuous verbilazations or plays on words produce constant shifting; ideas tend to be connected but too fast for listener to comprehend
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Clang association
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association of words similar in sound but not in meaning; no logical connection; may involve rhyming and punning
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Thought content
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realtiy drawn conclusions arising in thoughts
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Overvalued idea
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unreasonable, sustained false belief maintained less firmly than a delusion
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Delusion
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fixed false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality, not consistent with intelligence/cultural background, can't be corrected by reasoning
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Bizarre delusion
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absurd, totally implausible, strange belief (aliens in brain)
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Mood congruent delusions
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delusion with mood appropriate content
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Mood incongruent delusion
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delusions with content that has no association to mood
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Nihilistic delusion
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false feeling that self, others, or world is coming to an end
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Delusion of poverty
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false belief that he/she is destitute or will be deprived of all material posessions
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Somatic delusion
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false belief involving functioning of body (inside is rotting/melting)
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Paranoid delusion
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includes persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, control and grandeur
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Delusions of persecution
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false belief that he/she is being harassed, cheated, or persecuted
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Delusion of grandeur
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exaggerated conception of his/her own importance/power
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Delusion of reference
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false belief that behavior of others refer to him/herself; that events, objects or other people have a particular and unusual significance
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Thought withdrawl
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delusion that thoughts are being removed from a person's mind by other people or forces
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Thought insertion
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delusions that thoughts are being implanted in a person's mind by other people or forces
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Thought broadcasting
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Delusions that a person's thougths can be heard by others
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Thought control
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delusions that a person's thoughts are being controlled by other people or forces
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Delusions of jealousy
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false belief derived from pathological jealousy about a person's lover being unfaithful
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Erotomanic delusions
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delusional belief, women > men, someone is deeply in love with them from afar
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Suicidal and homicial ideation
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preoccupation with thoughts of harming self or others
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Obsession
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pathological persistence of an irresistible thought/feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort, associated with anxiety
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Compulsion
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pathological need to act on an impulse that, if resisted, produces anxiety; repetitive behavior in response to obsession or according to rules
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Phobia
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persistent, irrational, exaggerated, and pathological dread of a specific stimulus/situation; desire to avoid
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Disorientation
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disturbance of orientation in time, place, or person
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Clouding of consciousness
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incomplete clearmindedness iwth disturbances in perception and attitude
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Stupor
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lack of reaction to and unawareness of surroundings
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Delirium
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bewildered, resteless, confused, disoriented reaction associated with fear and hallucinations
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Coma
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profound degree of unconsciousness
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Somnolence
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abnormal drowsiness
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Drowsiness
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state of impaired awareness associated with a desire/inclination to sleep
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sundowning
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syndrome in older people that usually occurs at night; char by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, and falling
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Amnesia
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partial or total inability to recall past experiences; may be medical or emotional in origin
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Anterograde
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amnesia for events occurring after a point in time
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Retrograde
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amnesia for events occurring before a point in time
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Confabulation
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unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagined or untrue experiences that a person believes but have no basis in fact
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Deja vu
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illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous memory
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Levels of Memory
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Immediate - recall seconds to minutes
Recent - last few days Recent past - past few months Remote - distant past |
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Distractability
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inability to concentrate attention; attention is drawn to unimportant or irrelevant stimuli
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Selective inattention
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blocking out only those things that generate anxiety
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Hypervigilance
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excessive attention and focus on all internal and external stimuli, usually secondary to delusional or paranoid states
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Trance
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focused attention and altered consciousness, usually seen in hypnosis and dissociative disorders
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Abstract thinking
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ability to appreciate nuances of meaning; multidimensional thinking, ability to use metaphors and hypotheses appropriately
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Concrete thinking
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literal thinking; literal use of metaphor without understanding of nuances of meaning, one dimensional thought
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Intelligence
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ability to recall, understand, mobilize, and constructively integrate previous learning into new situations
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Mental retardation
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lower intelligence that interferes with social/vocational performance
Mild IQ 50-70 Moderate 35-50 Severe 20-40 Profound below 25 |
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Dementia
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pathological and global deterioration of intellectual functioning with clouding of consciousness
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Pseudodementia
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clinical features resembling dementia but not caused by pathological deterioration of brain; often cause by depression
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Insight
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person's ability to understand true cause and meaning of a situation
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Impaired insight
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diminished ability to understand the objective reality of a situation
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Judgement
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ability to assess a situation correctly and act appropriately in the situation
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Impaired judgement
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diminished ability to understand a situation appropriately and correctly, cannot analyze risk/benefits of decisions
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