benzo drug quiz 1/9

Benzodiazepine, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant

Potentiates effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Raises seizure threshold. Induces amnesia and sedation

Acute anxiety states, acute alcohol withdrawal, musce relaxant, seizure activity, agitation, analgesia for medical procedures

Hyppersensitivity, glaucoma, coma, shock, substance abuse, head injury

Respiratory Distress, hypotension, drowsiness, ataxia, reflex tachicardia, confusion, thrombosis, phebitis

Incompatible with most drugs, fluids

Seizure: 5-10mg IV q 10-15 min prn. (Max 30mg)
Sedation for Cardioversion: 5-15mg IV over 5-10minutes prior to cardioversion
Rectally: 0.5mg/kg via 2" rectal cath and flush with 2-3ml air after administration.

Onset 1-5 min
Peak: minutes
duration 20-50 min

Pregnancy Safety: Category D. Short duration of Anticonvulsant effect. Reduce dose 50%in elderly pt

Benzodiazepine, sedative, anticonvulsant

Anxiolitic, anticonvulsant, ans sedative effects, suppresses propagation of seizure activity, produced by foci in cortex, thalamus, and limbic areas

Initial control of status epilepticus or severe recurrent seizures, severe anxiety, sedation

Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, coma, shock, or suspected drug abuse.

Repiratory depression, apnea, drowsiness, sedation, ataxia, phycomotor impairment, confusion, restlessness, delirium, hypotension, bradycardia

May precipitate CNS depression, if pt is already taking CNS depressant medications

IV or IO (dilute 1-1 with water!)
2-4 mg slow IV at 2mg/min or IM. May repeat 15-20 min to max dose of 8mg.
Sedation: 0.05 mg/kg up to 4 mg IM

Onset: 1-5 min
Peak effect: Variable
Duration6-8 hours

Pregnancy Safety: Category D
Monitor BP and Resp rate during admin
Have advanced airway equipment available
Refrigerate or expires in 6 weeks.

Short acting benzodiazepine CNS depressant

Anxiolitic and sedative properties similar to other benzodiazepines, memory impairment

Sedation, anxiolitic prior to endotracheal or nasotracheal intubation; administer for conscious sedation.

Glaucoma, shock, Coma, Alcohol Intoxication, Overdose, Depressed vital signs, concomitant use with other CNS depression, barbituates, alcohol, narcotics

Hiccough, cough, oversedation, injection site pain, headache, blurred vision, hypotension, respiratory depression, and arrest

should not be used in pts who have taken a CNS depressant

2.0-2.5 mg slow IV over 2-3 min; may be repeated to total maximun: 0.1 mg/kg.

Onset: 1-3 min, IV and dose dependant.
Peak effect: Variable
Duration: 2-6 hours, dose dependant.

Pregnancy Safety: Category D
Administer imediately prior to intubation procedure.
Requires continous monitoring of respiratory and cardiac function. Never administer as IV bolus.

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

Antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines on the CNS

Reversal of respiratory depression and sedative effects from pure benzodiazepine overdose

Hypersensitivity, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, seizure-prone pts, coma of unknown etiology

n/v, agitation, injection site pain, visual distubances, seizure, cutaneous vasodilation.

Toxic efffects of mixed-dose overdose (especially tricyclics)

First Dose: 0.2 mg IV/IO over 15 seconds.
Second Dose: 0.3 mg IV/IO over 30 Seconds. If no response, give a third dose: 0.5 mg IV/IO. If no response repeat once every minute until adequate response or a total of 3mg is given.

Pregnancy Safety: Category C. Be prepared to manage seizures in pts dependant on benzodiazepines or who have ingested large doses of other drugs.
May precipitate withdraw symptoms on those dependant on bezodiazepines.
Monitor pts for re-sedation and respiratory depression. Be prepared to assist in ventilations.