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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plants require ___ (number) essential elements
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16
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essential elements required for (3):
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metabolism
growth reproduction |
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Nine essential elements are ___
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macronutrients
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___ needed in large amounts
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macro
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seven essential elements are ___
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micronutrients
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___ needed in small amounts
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micro
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most all essential elements come from the ___
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soil
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soil is a mix complex of : (3)
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rock particles
organic matter air and water |
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what is in the soil determines...
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which plants grow there, and how a plant grows, survives, or dies
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decomposing leaves and stems
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litter
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top soil
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A horizon
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supplies most of the water and nutrients
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A horizon
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part of the soil that has less organic matter
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B horizon
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partially weathered pieces of rock and minerals
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C horizon
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CO2 comes in through the ___
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roots
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roots absorb the ___ from the soil
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remaining nutrients
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plants that form symbiotic associations with other organisms to help obtain nutrients
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mycorrhizae
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convert in to gas in to ammonium and in to nitrate
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nitrogen fixing bacteria
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two forms of nitrogen that roots can absorb
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ammonium and nitrate
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transport water and dissolve minerals throughout the plant
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xylem
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the loss of water from leaf by evaporation out of the stomata
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transporation
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driving force to pull water in to plants and up the stem to the leaves
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transporation
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helps to cool the leaf
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tranporation
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water moves between cells along the cell plasmodesmata
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extra cellular pathway (APOPLASTIC)
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water moves in to the epidermal cell and travels via plasmodesmata
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intracellular pathway (symplastic)
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when the water reaches the epidermis, the ___ strip prevents water from going in to xylum until it crosses the ___ cell membrane
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casparian, plasma
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depends on properties of water and transpiration
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cohesion tension theory
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every molecule of water that is pulled out of the leaf pulls up another molecule
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cohesion tension theory
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when potassium ions move in to the guard cells, it creates a ___ condition in guard cells
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hypotonic
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water enters the guard cells by osmosis, the cell swells and ___
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opens the stoma
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when potassium ions leave the guard cells, it creates a ___ condition in guard cells
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hypertonic
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when there is loss of turgor pressure...
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the stoma closes
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___ transports organic compounds
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phloem sap
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phloem sap carries (4)
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amino acids
hormones enzymes messenger RNA |
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in the pressure flow theory substances move under pressure from ___ to ___
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source, sinks
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any part of the plant that produces or releases sugars
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source
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any part of the plant that does not produce or release sugars
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sink
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in the pressure flow theory sugars are unloaded from phloem at the ___
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sieve tubes
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sugars are unloaded at the sieve tubes by ___
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facilitated diffusion or active transport
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pressure flow theory creates a ___ condition in phloem cells
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hypertonic
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pressure flow theory, water moves ___ phloem
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out of
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water moves out of the phloem, which ...
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decreases water pressure at the sink
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