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36 Cards in this Set

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sponge (Porifera)
water enters through the ostia into the spongocoel and exits via the osculum; fertilization occurs in mesohyl; adult sessile, larvae free-swimming
invertebrates
animals that lack a vertebral column
Porifera and Cnidaria have similar body plans that include WHAT?
spongocoel:gastrovascular cavity; mesohyl:mesoglea; osculum:mouth/anus; epithelial cells:epidermis.
choanocytes
(COLLAR CELLS)
SPECIALIZED FLAGELLATED CELLS in sponges whose beating drives water through body and whose COLLAR extracts food from the water (characteristics seen previously in choanoflagellates)
have free-swimming larvae; sessile adults, lack of specialized tissues and organs, and a lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species).
Sponges
open circulatory system vs/ closed circulatory system
The open circulatory system has a combination of blood vessels and large thin-walled sinuses whereas a closed circulatory system has only vessels
hermaphrodite
individual animal that can produce both sperm and eggs
reproduction by way of diploid females laying diploid eggs that hatch into diploid females
parthenogenesis
cnidaria
include, jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral; radial symmetry, dipoblastic;

life cycles can include only polyps; polyps and medusae; medusae and reduced polyp stage
phylum Platyhelminthes (PARASITES)
are acoelomate; are tripoblastic; have an incomplete digestive system, and respire by diffusion of gases through the body wall

Consider: Some of these are parasites.
flukes
PARASITIC WORMS with larval stage living in SNAILS
most live in VERTEBRATES intestines
tapeworms
rotifers
are bilaterally symmetrical, have a CORONA as food gathering organ, have a complete gut with mouth and anus, undergo parthenogenesis, and most occur in FRESH water
phylum that includes SNAILS (land dwelling), clams, oysters, and octopuses; the mantle are the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass (modified mantle allows squids and octopuses to move); the lophophore functions as a surface for gas exchange, location of the radula, a rasping, food-collecting organ, a means of attachment to the substrate, and location for the tentacles and the anus.
mollusca
An animal that is attached to the substrate and cannot move is said to
An animal that is attached to the substrate and cannot move is said to SESSILE
structure that removes nitrogenous wastes in mollusks
nephridia
open circulatory system
The circulatory system of most mollusks is an open one; that is, the HEART pumps vascular fluid (hemolymph) to the tissues through VESSELS, but there are NO vessels in which the hemolymph returns to the heart; instead the blood returns by moving through the space between cells
The open circulatory system has a combination of blood VESSELES and large thin-walled SINUSES whereas a closed circulatory system has
only vessels
annelid body
contains separate segments with SEPTA partitions; muscles to swim, crawl, and burrow, ganglia to respond to light and respond to other environmental cues, circulatory, excretory, and neural elements in each segment, and setae (chitin bristles) in each segment.
only class of annelids that contains parasitic blood suckers (LEECHES)
hirudinea
facts on cephalopods OCTOPUS, NAUTILUS
some are intelligent, some have shells, some are very large, and ALL are predatory and have a closed circulatory system
ecdysozoa
undergo ECDYSIS = MOLTING; possess cuticle for support and protection, may undergo metamophosis during development
what is found in Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata; while the nerve cord, setae, circular muscles, and metanephridia ALL occur in a SERIES of successive segments in the earthworm, it has ONLY 1 crop
segmentation
what are coelomates; insects are MOST SUCCESSFUL class with greatest number of species; undergo METAMORPHOSIS as they develop through stages from egg to adult; ecdysis is the process of molting; possess exoskeleton; ton (protection against predators, impedes water loss, and acts as muscle attachment points), trachea for oxygen diffusion into tissues
arthropods
what is the evolutionary innovation that first appeared in arthropods.
Jointed appendages
Compound eyes
composed of independent visual units called OMMATIDIA
complete metamorphosis
change of a LARVA form of insect to a different ADULT form
have 2 pairs of ANTENNAE with antennal glands and maxillary glands; deposit calcium carbonate (CaCO3)in the exoskeleton and have internal fertilization
crustaceans
Pharyngeal slits
mostly disappear during human development, except for one pair that forms EUSTACHIAN TUBE in adults
coccyx
remnant of TAIL in humans
animal with NOTOCHORDS , dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post anal tail (these traits occur at some point during development)
Chordate
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this mosquito research?
A) The females are the only ones who actually bite in response to odors in the air.
B) They respond to elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
C) They only will bite when they are near death.
D) The males and females both bite when they are in their reproductive cycle.
A) The females are the only ones who actually bite in response to odors in the air.
What is 4-methylphenol?
A) A new insecticide to kill mosquitoes.
B) A mosquito repellant.
C) A component of human sweat.
D) A new compound found to be made by mosquitoes to communicate to each other.
C) A component of human sweat.
Where does a mosquito’s sense of smell come from?

A) proboscis
B) legs
C) wings
D) antennae
D) antennae
IN MOLLUSK, LOPHOPHORE functions as WHAT?
a surface for gas exchange,
IN MOLLUSK, WHAT IS A radula
a rasping, food-collecting organ, a means of attachment to the substrate,