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28 Cards in this Set

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galactokinase
RXN: galactose--> galactose 1 phosphate
hexokinase/glucokinase
RXN: glucose--> glucose 6 phosphate
transketolase
RXN: ribulose 5 phosphate--> fructose 6 phosphate.
requires thiamin cofactor
galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase
RXN: glycogen into glucose 1 phosphate
galactose 1 phosphate --> glucose 1 phosphate

deficiency causes severe galactosemia
glucose 6 phosphatase
RXN: glucose 6 phosphate --> glucose
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
glucose 6 phosphate- 6 phosphogluconolactone.
into HMP shunt
HMP shunt
makes substrates for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH generation.
in tissues which make cholesterol and fatty acids
fructose 1 6 phosphatase
fructose 1 6 bisphosphate--> fructose 6 phosphate
phosphofructokinase-1
fructose 6 phosphate--> fructose 1 6 bisphosphate
aldolase B
fructose 1 phosphate --> DHAP
fructokinase
fructose-->fructose 1 phosphate
pyruvate kinase
PEP--> pyruvate
pyruvate dehydrogenase
pyruvate--> Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate carboxylase
pyruvate--> oxaloacetate

requires biotin
PEP carboxykinase
oxaloacetate--> PEP
biotin from acetyl CoA
cofactor in conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA
HMG reductase
HMG CoA to mevalonate
(which goes on to synthesize cholesterol)
isocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate
biotin into TCA cycle
cofactor in conversion of proponyl CoA to methyl malonyl CoA
citrate synthase
acetyl CoA to citrate
alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase
alpha keto glutarate to succinyl CoA, requires thiamin
B12 into TCA cycle
used as a co-factor in coverstion of methylmalonyl CoA into succinyl CoA
ornithine transcarbamoylase
converts ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate into citrulline
name 3 places where biotin is used as a cofactor:
1. with pyruvate carboxylase, turning pyruvate to oxaloacetate
2. turning proponyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA
3. turning acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA
where is b12 used in these biochemical pathways?
turning methylmalonyl CoA into succinyl CoA
name two places where thiamin is used as a cofactor
1. with alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to turn akg into succinyl CoA
2. with transketolases, turning ribulose 5 phosphate into fructose 6 phosphate
which amino acids are substrates in these biochem pathways?
aspartate feeds into urea cycle.
arginine in urea cycle.
where do fatty acids feed into and out of the TCA cycle?
1.odd chain fatty acids are turned to proponyl CoA which is turned into malonyl CoA with biotin, then into succinyl CoA
2. acetyl CoA is turned into malonyl CoA with biotin and then converted into fatty acids.