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35 Cards in this Set

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a tentative explanation of cause and effect based on underlying observed phenomena
hypothesis
in which all the factors are the same as the test group, except that the factor is being tested is left in its normal, unmanipulated state
control
description of steps in a scientific investigation is often referred to as a ______
protocol
_________ my be disproved but we refrain from saying that any _______ is "proved"
hypothesis
Scientific method?
1.Observation 2.Hypothesis 3. Experiment
unicellular organisms tat lack membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus
Prokaryotes
have cells with true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles and are referred to collectively as _____
Eukaryotes
two groups of the domain Bacteria
bacteria and cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae
bacteria converts nitrogen from the atmosphere into forms that can be used by plants. this process is called ________
nitrogen fixation
Bacteria is also know as __________ because they break down dead plants and animals, and return the organic materials to the system to be used by other organisms
decomposers
____________ bacteria that use light as their energy source in a proces similar to photosynthesis in plants.
Photosynthetic
_________ bacteria obtain their enegry from the oxidation of inorganic substances
Chemosynthetic
bacteria may be place in one of three major grops:
bacilli, spirilla, cocci
rod-shaped-
small spheres-
corkscrew shape-
bacilli
cocci
spirilla
blue-green algae posses the pigment ________ and use water in their photosynthetic process, thereby producing O2 as a by product
chlorophyll a
cilia force food particles and fluids into the __________
oral groove
the lower end of the oral groove is the ___________
cytopharynx
this envelopes the food particles and migrates toward one end of the cell, where digestive enzymes from lysosomes are secreted into _____ and digestion proceeds.
food vacuole
the food vacuole migrates to an opening known as the _____, where it attatches and empties its contentes releasing indigestible
anal pore
A Paramecium has two _______ typically one at each end of the cell, which remove excess fluids from the cell.
contractile vacuoles
Unique characteristics of the is the presence of ______
micro and macro nucleus
in ciliates during _______ two cells exchange micronuclei and thus genetic material
conjugation
Euglena possesses the ability to surround and ingest food particles
phagocytosis
a ______ a layer of elastic proteins just inside the cell membrane.
pellicle
organelles that store sugars
pyrenoids
describe the endosymbiotic Theory
implies that chloroplasts, along with the cellular "power houses" known as the mitochondria were once themselves prokaryotic cells
double-membrane bound organelles
plastids
cytoplasmic streaming
moving through out the cell
cellular shrinkage as a result of being exposed to a hypertonic solution
plasmolysis
photosynthesis equation in its simplest form
H2O + CO2 + --------> (CH2O)N + O2
light
The absorption of light ("photo") part of the reaction takes place in the ________
thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts
sythesis reactions take place in the ________
stroma
pigments act as ________, trapping light energy.
photoreceptorsb
an Rf is obtained by
distance substance travels from origin/distance solvent travels from origin
Describe the Law of Segregation
states that for diploid organisms each chromosome in a matching pair has an equal chance of being passed on to a given gamete through meiosis