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high risk fluids
blood, semen, vaginal secretions, synovial, perdicardial, amniotic, pleural, cerebrospinal fluids and human tissue culture
low risk fluids unless visibly contaminated with blood
urine, feces, saliva, vomit
infection vs. disease
infection: organism replicates in your system
disease: organism replicates and has created adverse effects
biosafety level 1 (BSL-1): not pathogenic

agents rarely cause disease in healthy adults and have minimal potential hazard to lab potential
examples: ecoli K12, transgenic plants, plasmids, fungi, mold and yeast
biosafety 2 (BSL-2): may have a virus in it

agents have a moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment
examples: human or primate cells, adenovirus and food borne pathogens like salmonella, shigella, and e coli 0157.117 (common type in the environment), tissue culture
biosafety level 3 (BSL-3): aerosol transmission

agents with potential for respiratory transmission and may cause serious and potential lethal infection
examples: HIV, myobacterium TB and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV in primates)
biosafety level 4 (BSL-4): not allowed at UCI

exotic agents posing high risk of aerosol transmitted lab infection and life threatening disease
examples: ebola, hemorrhagic fever virus, lassa fever virus, marburg virus, herpes B virus
bloodborne pathogens:
Hep B, C, HIV
hep b
33% transmission risk, 10^13 infectious units/mL of blood. viable in dried blood for 7 days
greater than 7000 occupational seroconversions in U.S. annually
hep c
chronic HCV= cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) in liver transplants.
0.3% rate of transmission (like HIV)
1 million infectious units/mL of blood
minimal PPE for biosafety level 2 and 3 (personal protective equipment)
gloves, eye protection, lab coat
decontamination of liquid biohazardous waste
decontaminate tissue and media with 10% bleach solution with a minimum of 30 minutes (9 parts water)

if other disinfectants used, EHS need to pick up
decontamination of surfaces
soak up free contaminated liquids with absorbent materials

disinfect surfaces with a 10% bleach soln. for 20 minutes
biohazardous waste from BSL-1 labs
dispose nonsharp biohazard waste in white bags after disinfection in any autoclave on campus
waste from BSL-2 labs: medical waste
must be disposed in red biohazard bags contained in unture, resistant, covered containers such as EHS supplied 20 or 30 gallon drums.
sharps (syringe needles, razor blades, scalpels)
dispose in a sharps container with biohazard sign and pick up from EHS for disposal
biohazard spill contamination and clean up
decontaminate with red Z or 10% bleach for 30 minutes, work from the perimiter of the spill toward the center
Potential Health Hazards: toxic
carcinogenic, toxic, irritant, corrosive, sensitizer, etc..
Potential Physical Hazards: flammable, explosive
combustible, compressed gas, explosion, oxidizing agents, reactive chemicals
Potential Hazardous Properties
flash point, fire point, vapor pressure, volatility , flammable and explosive LIMITS, anosmia