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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus
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Structure that encloses and protects the DNA
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Nuclear envelope
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double membrane system with large proteins pores surrounding the nucleoplasm
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Nucleoplasm
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all materials and structures enclosed by nuclear envelope
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Chromatin
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Cell's collection of DNA and histone
DNA + Histone = chromosomes only during the process of cell division |
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Nucleosus (pl. nuceoli)
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Clump of RNA and proteins within nucleus
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Cytoplasm
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all material within the cell except the nucleus -- structures are referred to as Organelles
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Ribosomes
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Small bodies made of RNA and protein
-they are free in cytoplasm and attached to rough ER -made by the nucleolus -used for protein synthesis |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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network of channels made of plasma membrane
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Rough ER
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Ribosomes attached to it
-Modifies proteins by attaching carbohydrates to them for folding them into globular shape -transports proteins produced by the ribosomes to the smooth ER -Transported through the LUMEN |
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Smooth ER
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No ribosomes
-Produces Lipids -Places proteins and lipids into transport vesicles for delivery to Golgi Apparatus -stores substances (ex. storage of Ca+2 in muscle cells |
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Golgi Apparatus
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stack of flattened sacks made of plasma membranes
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functions of Golgi Apparatus (3)
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1) Receives proteins and lipids from rough and smooth ER
2) Modifies them 3) Packages them into secretion vesicles for delivery to outside of cell |
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functions of Endomembrane System (3)
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1) produces carbohydrates
2) produce the cell plate between recently divided plant cells 3) produces lysosomes - membrane bound packages of lytic enzymes |
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lysosomes (2)
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1) break down dead organelles or cells
2) digests food in food vacuoles |
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Microbodies
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membrane bound packages of enzymatic(not lytic)
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Peroxisome
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microbodies containing enzymes to catalyze reactions that use H removed from molecules to make peroxide(H202)
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reaction from peroxisome
and Where does this happen? (2 places) |
H + O2 >>> H202 >>> H2O + O2
1) in cells that metabolize lipids and amino acids 2) cells that metabolize alcohol (liver) |
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Vacuoles
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single membrane structures used for storage
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Mitochondria
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Powerhouse of the cell
capsule shaped with double plasma membranes |
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cristae
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folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
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Matrix
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Fluid with inner compartment of mitochodrion
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Chloroplast
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multiple membranes with space in between.
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Thylakoids
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disk shaped membranous structures within the chloroplast
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grana
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stacks of thylakoids (singular is a granum)
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Stroma
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fluid within the inner compartment of a chloroplast
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Function of Chloroplast
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS - using sunlight to convert CO2 to glucose
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Where is Chloroplast?
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In organisms that can convert inorganic compounds (CO2) into rich organic compounds using outside energy sources
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Cytoplasm
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internal framework of cells
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Functions of cytoplasm (3)
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1) determines cells shape
2) involved in internal organization 3) involved in cell movement |
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Microtubules
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Hollow rods made of tubulin
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centrosome
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regulates assembly of microtubules
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Microfilaments
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very thin rods made of protein (actin, myosin, etc)
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Cleavage Furrow
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cause of division of cytoplasm in animal cell
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Intermediate filaments
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ropelike protein molecule found in animal cells one
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Centrioles
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cylinders composed of a 9+0 arrangement of microtubules
-They give rise to cilia and flagella and become active during division of DNA |
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Cilia and Flagella
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extention of a cell membrane around 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
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