Biology

a form of natural selection in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to be reproduced with

meaning selection within the same sex, individuals of one sex compete directly with other individuals to mate with the opposite sex

mate choice, when individuals of one sex are choosy about who they mate with.

the idea that genetic mate-rial contributed by the two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green vs. parents pass on discrete heritable units genes that retain their separate identities in offspring. An organisms collection of genes is more like a deck of cards than a pail of paint.

A heritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color,

Each variant for a character, such as purple or white color for flowers,

For example, a plant with purple flowers is true- breeding if the seeds produced by self- pollination in successive generations all give rise to plants that also have purple flowers.

mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties

alternative versions of a gene

the two alleles for a heritable character segregate ( separate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character v. an organism that has a pair of different alleles for a character

organism's observable traits

genetic makeup

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote

each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation.

Having a pair of each type of chromosome, so that the basic chromosome number is doubled: diploid somatic cells

Having a single set of chromosomes

two copies of the same chromosome