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37 Cards in this Set

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YEAST
single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell; some species exhibit cell fusion between different mating types
HYPHA
one of the many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
CHTIN
a structural polysacharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods
MYCELIUM
the densely branced network of hyphae in a fungus
SEPTUM
one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell
COENOCYTIC FUNGUS
a fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei
HAUSTORIUM
in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms
MYCHORRHIZA
a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS
a symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex
ARBUSCULAR MYCHORRHIZAL FUNGUS
a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell
PHEROMONE
in animals and fungi, a samll molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species
PLASMOGAMY
the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals
HETEROKARYON
a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
DIKARYOTIC
referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
KARYOGAMY
the fusion of two nuclei; as part of syngamy
MOLD
informal term for a fungus taht grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
DEUTEROMYCETE
traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage; when a sexual stage for a so-called deuteromycete is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum
OPITHOKONT
member fo the diverse clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals and certain protists
NUCLEARIID
member of a group of unicellular, amoeboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists
CHYTRID
member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early diverging fungal lineage
ZOOSPORE
flagellated spore foudn in chytrid fungi and some protists
ZYGOMYCETE
member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction
ZYGOSPORANGIUM
in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleated structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur
GLOMEROMYCETE
member of the fungal phylum Glmoeromycota, characterized by a distinct branching from of mychorrihizae called arbuscular mychorrhizae
ASCOMYCETE
member fo the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus. The name comes from the sac like structure in which the spores develop
ASCUS
a saclike spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus
SAC FUNGUS
ascomycete
ASCOCARP
the fruiting body of a sac fungus
CONIDIUM
a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction
BASIDIOMYCETE
member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, commonly called club fungus; the name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium
BASIDIUM
a reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms
CLUB FUNGUS
basidiomycete
BASIDIOCARP
elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus
ENDOPHYTE
a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant part without causing harm to the plant
LICHEN
the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacteria
SOREDIUM
in lichens, a small cluster of fungal hyphae with embedded algae
MYCOSIS
general term for a fungal infection