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72 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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tonoplast
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液泡
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sap vacuole
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汁液液泡
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cell wall
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tough outer layer around plant cells made up mainly of cellulose
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细胞壁 |
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cellulose
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complex carbohydrate which is a major component of plant cell walls
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纤维素 |
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isomer
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one of two or more compounds made up of the same atoms arranged differently
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同分异构体 |
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hydrogen bond
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the weak electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged dipoles of different molecules
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氢键 |
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cross-linking
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intermolecular bonds which hold cellulose chains together
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交联 |
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microfibril
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a group of 10-100000 cellulose molecules
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维纤丝 |
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matrix
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surrounding substance
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矩阵 |
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hemicelluloses
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半纤维素
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mannose
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甘露糖
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xylose
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木糖
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arabinose
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阿拉伯糖
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composite material
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material made up of a combination of two or more substances which all contribute to the properties of the final composite
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复合材料 |
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turgid
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swollen, firm, used to describe plant cells that are fully hydrated
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肿胀 |
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flaccid
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floppy
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松弛 |
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suberin
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waxy, waterproof compound
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木栓脂 |
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lignin
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organic compound that binds to cellulose fibres and makes them hard and strong
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木质素 |
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middle lamella
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first layer of the plant cell wall to be formed during cell division
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中间层 |
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pectin
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a glue-like polysaccharide
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果胶 |
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primary cell wall
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flexible plant cell walls with cellulose microfibrils orientated in same direction
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原生壁 |
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secondary cell wall
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inflexible, rigid plant cell wall built up as cellulose microfibrils are laid densely at different angles to each other
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次生壁 |
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perennials
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多年生植物
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plant fibre
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long plant cells with heavily lignified cell walls
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植物纤维 |
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plasmodesmata
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sites of intercellular exchanges through cytoplasmic bridges between plant cells
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胞间连丝 |
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symplast
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interconnected cytoplasm between plant cells
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共质体 |
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tonoplast
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the membrane surrounding plant vacuoles which controls the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole
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液泡 |
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cell sap
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contents of vacuole in plant cells
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细胞液 |
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chloroplast
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organelle in some plant cells which contains chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis
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叶绿体 |
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thylakoid
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类囊体
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granum
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基粒
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stroma
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基质
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lipid droplet
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脂滴
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palisade mesophyll
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叶肉栅栏
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xylem vessel
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木质部导管
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phloem sleve tube
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韧皮部导管
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phloem companion cell
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韧皮部伴胞
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waxy cuticle
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蜡质角质层
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stoma
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气孔
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spongy mesophyll
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叶肉海绵
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biconvex
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双凸
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chlorophyll
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green pigment found in plants which traps energy from sunlight, needed for photosynthesis
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叶绿素 |
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leucoplast
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a range of plant organelles
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白色体 |
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amyloplast
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plant organelles involved in amylopectin (a form of starch)
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淀粉体 |
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epidermis
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outer layer of cells in a plant leaf, outer layers of the skin
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表皮 |
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cutin
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a waxy, waterproof polymer which covers the surface of plants
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角质 |
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parenchyma
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relatively unspecialised plant tissue
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薄壁组织 |
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collenchyma
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supporting tissue in plants
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厚角组织 |
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sclerenchyma
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strengthening and supporting tissue found in plants, made up of heavily lignified, thick walled cells
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厚壁 |
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sclereid
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a plant cell with thick,lignified walls
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石细胞 |
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xylem
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main tissue transporting water from the roots around a plant. the walls of oxylem vessels are heavily lignified, all the older vessels are non-living
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木质部 |
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phloem
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living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food from the leaves around the plant
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韧皮部 |
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cambium
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layer of unspeialised cells which divide, giving rise to more specialised cells that form both the xylem and phloem
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形成层 |
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protoxylem
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first xylem tissue to form in a stem or root
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初生木质层 |
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metaxylem
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the xylem which develops second, after the protoxylem
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后生木质层 |
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pit
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gaps in the cell walls that allow communication between cells
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深基坑 |
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autoradiography
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a technique using photographic film to show up radioactively labelled substances in plants and other organisms.
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显影 |
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scintillation counter
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闪烁计数器
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translocation
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movement of substances around plants
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移位 |
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transpiration
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the loss of water vapour from the surface of a plant
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蒸腾 |
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potometer
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apparatus used to measure uptake of water by a plant
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测量植物吸水的仪器 |
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cohesion
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tendency of water molecules to stick together
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凝聚力 |
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tensile strength
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strength to resist pulling forces
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拉伸强度 |
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adhesion
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attraction of different molecules
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附着力 |
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root hair
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microscopic extensions of the membranes of the outer root cells
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根发 |
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vacuole pathway
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pathway through cell vacuoles travelled by water molecules moving down a concentration gradient by osmosis from soil to xylem as part of transpiration stream
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液泡途径 |
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symplast pathway
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pathway through cytoplasm travelled by water molecules moving down a concentration gradient by osmosis from soil to xylem as part of transpiration stream
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共质体途径 |
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symplast
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interconnected cytoplasm between plant cells
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共质体 |
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apoplast pathway
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pathway through cell walls travelled by water molecules from soil to xylem as part of transpiration stream
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质外体途径 |
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casparian strip
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waterproof layer of cells in a root containing suberin
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凯氏带 |
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guttation
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when water is forced out of leaves in drops as a result of root pressure when transpiration rates are low
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吐水 |
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root pressure
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movement of water up the plant from the roots involving active transport
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根压力 |
