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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Somatic Cells
|
- body cells
- 46 chromosomes |
|
Gametes
|
- sex cells
- egg / sperm - 26 chromosomes |
|
Why is cell size limited?
(3 reasons) |
- diffusion decreases as cell grows in size
- will take longer for waste to exit cell, or for building blocks to enter cell - protein production decreased |
|
chromatin
|
- DNA when cell isn't dividing
- loosely packed DNA that wraps around proteins (histones) |
|
chromosomes
|
- DNA when cell is dividing
- composed on tightly bound chromatin |
|
Why do cells divide?
(4 reasons) |
- replace old worn cells
- replace damaged cells - for organism can grow - for reproduction to occur |
|
cell cycle
|
1. interphase
2. prophase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase 6. cytokinesis |
|
interphase subphases
(3 phases, 1 alternative) |
1. G1 (growth)
2. S (synthesis) 3. G2 4. G0 (never reaches restriction point, doesn't divide; ex brain/nerve/heart) |
|
G1
|
Interphase subphase #1
- period of rapid cell growth - lasts 11 hours |
|
S
|
Interphase subphase #2
- will begin if restriction point is passed - DNA synthesized / chromosomes copied - lasts 7 hours |
|
G2
|
Interphase subphase #3
- all organelles copy - lasts 3 hours |
|
Prophase
|
Mitosis step 1 ( __ / Metaphase)
- DNA coils, becomes chromosomes - chromosomes have already duplicated themselves and have 2 identical halves called "sister chromatids" |
|
Metaphase
|
Mitosis step 2 (Prophase / Anaphase)
- chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up along equator |
|
Anaphase
|
Mitosis step 3 (Metaphase / Telophase)
- all sister chromatids split - 1 chromatid moves to each side of cell - remember each cell only gets 46 |
|
Telophase
|
Mistosis step 4a (Anaphase / Cytokinesis)
- nucleus reappears - chromosomes uncoil into chromatin |
|
Cytokinesis
|
Mitosis step 4b (Telophase / __ )
- cytoplasm breaks in two END: 2 identical cells |
|
diploid
|
cells w/ double set of chromosomes
|
|
haploid
|
cells w/ single set of chromosomes
|
|
homologous chromosomes
|
- 2 chromosomes that are similar in structure
- each contains same genes |
|
Mitosis
|
- formation of gametes
- produces 4 cells; each is 1/2 original chromosome number |
|
G2
|
Interphase subphase #3
- all organelles copy - lasts 3 hours |
|
Prophase
|
Mitosis step 1 ( __ / Metaphase)
- DNA coils, becomes chromosomes - chromosomes have already duplicated themselves and have 2 identical halves called "sister chromatids" |
|
Metaphase
|
Mitosis step 2 (Prophase / Anaphase)
- chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up along equator |
|
Anaphase
|
Mitosis step 3 (Metaphase / Telophase)
- all sister chromatids split - 1 chromatid moves to each side of cell - remember each cell only gets 46 |
|
Telophase
|
Mistosis step 4a (Anaphase / Cytokinesis)
- nucleus reappears - chromosomes uncoil into chromatin |
|
Cytokinesis
|
Mitosis step 4b (Telophase / __ )
- cytoplasm breaks in two END: 2 identical cells |
|
diploid
|
cells w/ double set of chromosomes
|
|
haploid
|
cells w/ single set of chromosomes
|
|
homologous chromosomes
|
- 2 chromosomes that are similar in structure
- each contains same genes |
|
Mitosis
|
- formation of gametes
- produces 4 cells; each is 1/2 original chromosome number |
