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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell membrane
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regulates what enters and leaves the cell, provides support and protection
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contractile vacuole
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removes and stores excess waste, in cytoplasm
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concentration
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the mass of solute in a given volume of solution
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selective permeability
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membrane that allows some substances to pass through it
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phospholipid bilayer
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two layers of lipid molecules that make up cell membrane; hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails, embedded with proteins
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fluid mosaic model
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describes structural and movement of membrane
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cytolysis
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bursting of cell membrane
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plasmolysis
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shrinkage of cytoplasm away from the cell wall caused by loss of water; results in gaps in cell wall and membrane
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concentration gradient
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gradual change from low to high concentration
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polar
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unequal distribution of electrons
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nonpolar
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lipid tails of bilayer, opposite of water
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hypertonic
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solute concentration is higher than concentration inside cell
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hypotonic
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solution whose solute concentration is lower than concentration inside cell
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isotonic
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solute concentration is equal to concentration inside cell
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solute
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particles dissolved in solution
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soluvent
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particles that do the dissolving
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passive transport
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movement across cell membrane that does not require cell energy
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osmosis
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water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area to low concentration
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facilitated diffusion
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materials move across membrane by a transport protein
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diffusion
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particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration
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ion channels
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in cell membrane that allows for passive transport
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active transport
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molecules move against concentration gradient, use carrier protein; requires energy
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endocytosis
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cell ingests external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells by surrounding and engulfing substances
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exocytosis
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cell release large amounts of material by fusing with membrane and expelling contents
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phagocytosis
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extensions of cytoplasm surround and package it within a vessicle
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phagocyte
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type of organism that uses phagocytosis to take in food and other materials
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pinocytosis
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transport of solutes and fluids
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ion pumps
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membrane protein that moves charged particles against gradient
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