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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a genome?
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entire dna sequence of an organism
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what do genetic maps do?
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show the relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies; cM
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what are physical maps?
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diagrams showing the relative position of landmarks within specific a dna sequence; bp
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what is a contig?
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continuous segment of genome
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what are artificial chromosomes?
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vecor-used in cloning lsrger pieces of dna
-yeast artifi. chromo. (YAC) -bacterial art. chrom. (BAC) |
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what is clone-by-clone sequencing?
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cloning larger inserts;
consruct a physical map first, then use it to place the site of BAC clones for later sequencing; if 2 BAC clones have same STS, this means they overlap |
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what is shotgun sequencing?
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sequence ll cloned fragments & use a computer to put together overlaps
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what is a consensus sequence?
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multiple copies used to determine the most accurate sequence
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what is the human genome project?
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International H.G. seq. consortium; human genome has 3.2 gigabases; announced on June 26, 2000 entire genome had been sequenced
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what are bioinformatics?
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uses computer programs to search for genes, compare genomes, & assemble genomes
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what is an open reading frame (ORF)?
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section of dna that codes for a protein
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what is an expressed sequence tag (EST)?
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a sequence tagged site used to identify genes
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what are the four classes of protein-encoding genes found in eukaryotes?
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1.)single-copy genes-single copy on a chromosome
2.)segemental duplications- blocks of genes copied from one chromo. to another 3.)multigene families-groups of related genes that occur in clusters 4.)tandem clusters-ident. copies transcribe simult. which increases the amount of mRNA for protein productio |
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what are the six major types of noncoding dna?
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1.)noncoding dna w/in genes-introns
2.)struct. dna-regions around the cntromere or ends of chromo. that remain condensed 3.)simple sequence repeats- a repeated nucleotide seq. 4.)segmented duplications-blocks of seq, duplicated and moved 5.)pseudogenes-inactivates genes that may have lost funct. b/c of mutation 6.)transposable elements-pieces of dna that can jump from one location on a chromo. to another |
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what is synteny?
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refers to conserved arrangements of dna segments in related genomes
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what is functional genomics?
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the study of the functions of genes and their products.
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how are dna microarrays made?
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dna fragments are deposited on a microscope slide
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what is proteomics?
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cataloging and analyzing every protein in the human body
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what is transcriptome?
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all the rna present ina tissue at a specific time
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what are three areas that genomics can improve?
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medical diagnostics, agriculture, and biological weapons
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what are some potential problems with genomics?
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-gene patents
-privacy concerns |
