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19 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Transformation
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change in genotype and phenotype due to uptake of foreign DNA.
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Hershey & Chase, 1953
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discovered that DNA must be the molecule responsible for replicating-transferring genetic material by labeling DNA and protein with different radioactive elements.
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Maurice Wilkins & Rosalind Franklin
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used x-ray crystallography to study DNA's molecular structure; Franklin took Photograph 51.
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Watson & Crick
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deduced from photograph 51 that DNA was helical & figure the width of the helix & the spacing of the nitrogenous bases; first to create model of DNA double helix and nitrogenous bases strict pairings.
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Meselson & Stahl, 1957
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grew several generations of bacteria in DNA heavy bacteria to determine DNA replication.
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DNA Polymerase
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enzyme that catalyzes elongation of new DNA at a replication fork; needs RNA primer to begin synthesizing.
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What direction does DNA elongate?
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5' to 3' direction.
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Leading Strand
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DNA polymerase adds DNA continuously, moving toward the replication fork.
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Lagging Strand
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DNA polymerase must work in the direction away from the replication fork; synthesized in segments.
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Okazaki Fragments
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fragments that synthesize with the lagging strand; each fragment must be primed separately.
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DNA Ligase
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joins DNA strands together after replication.
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Primase
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binds RNA primer and begins replication.
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Helicase
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untwists double helix & separates the DNA strand at the replication fork.
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Single-strand binding protein
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binds and stabilizes single stranded DNA until used as template.
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Topoisomerase
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corrects overwinding ahead of replication fork by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands.
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DNA Polymerase I
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removes primers from both strands and replaces it with DNA.
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Telomeres
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postpone the erosion of genes ear the ends of DNA molecules.
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Why do DNA strands shorten after each replication?
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DNA polymerase has no way to fill in the 5' end of the new strand.
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Telomerase
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enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres only in germ cells; not active in somatic cells.
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